Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
An assessment of surface versus underground vault installations of broadband seismometers in the hard-rock terrain of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface or ground-level installations of broadband seismic stations are routinely used in temporary seismic networks deployed in the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) of peninsular India. In this study, we assess the feasibility and utility of a shallow vault installation in this region, by installing a broadband station in an urban environment, with the sensor placed $\sim 1$ m below ground level. [...]
Assessing Predictive Accuracy of Tornado Resilience Models Through Post-event Reconnaissance Data Analysis
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering
Community resilience assessment under a given hazard scenario is commonly performed by representing the building inventory through archetypes and assigning fragility functions for multiple limit states to each archetype. However, because these archetypes and fragility functions may be developed from design provisions, mechanics-based analyses, expert judgment, or historical event data, their [...]
Pixel-Level Urban Housing-Price Mapping Based on AlphaEarth Foundations: Evidence from 36 Chinese Cities
Published: 2026-07-04
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Computer Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Remote Sensing
This study develops and validates a multi-source modelling framework for continuous, pixel-level urban housing-price mapping using surface embeddings from AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF). Pixel-level labels calibrated against multi-source market data are constructed for 288 city–year samples across 36 Chinese cities (2017–2024), and AEF’s 64-dimensional, 10 m annual surface embeddings are [...]
Specification conformance, grid resolution and inter-code spread in an independent simulation of the SPE11B CO2 storage benchmark
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Geology
Confidence in geological CO2 storage forecasts rests on simulators whose discrepancies are, for the most part, characterised against each other rather than against a truth. We wrote a two-phase, two-component, fully implicit CO2 storage simulator from scratch, ran it on the SPE11B benchmark to the specification's own reporting resolution (840 × 120 cells, 1,000 yr), and used the reimplementation [...]
Model-Free Relative Permeability Estimation and Oil Recovery Prediction in Reservoir Rocks from Capillary Pressure Curves
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper presents and validates a model-free method for predicting the relative permeability and oil recovery of reservoir rocks directly from the shape of the capillary pressure curve, tested against real reservoir core, digital rock models, and a large soil-hydraulic dataset. Relative permeability is the key saturation function governing production forecasts, water cut, and oil recovery in [...]
Locating the Anthropogenic Drivers of Urban Flooding from Centimetre-Resolution Aerial Imagery: A Reproducible Open-Data Pipeline for the Odaw Basin, Accra
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recurrent inundation in metropolitan Accra is, on the preponderance of the evidence, an anthropogenic rather than a climatological phenomenon: its proximate determinants are the obstruction of drainage by solid waste and the encroachment of structures onto watercourses. These determinants are metre-scale and therefore invisible to the moderate-resolution satellite imagery on which prior work has [...]
Historical Pattern Effects and Climate Sensitivity Revisited with Novel Constraints on Past Warming Patterns
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The historical record (1850–present) can constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) only if we know the patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) that shape radiative feedbacks. Feedbacks depend on spatial patterns of SST and SIC (“pattern effects”), yet the impact of historical SST/SIC uncertainty on feedback estimates has not been systematically quantified. [...]
Forecasting the moisture content of live forest fuels with a transformer machine learning model and Sentinel-2 satellite data
Published: 2026-09-29
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Monitoring, Forest Biology, Forest Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Plant Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Sciences, Plant Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) provides an indicator of vegetation flammability, the potential for canopy dieback from drought, and habitat quality for arboreal fauna. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have increased the potential in meteorological forecasts for Earth surface forecasting. Combining weather forecasts with remotely sensed LFMC offers a promising avenue for short and [...]
Improving PM2.5 Estimation from Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Using Boundary Layer Height and Meteorological Variables
Published: 2026-07-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate estimation of surface particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite observations remains challenging because aerosol optical depth (AOD) represents column-integrated aerosol loading and is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions. This study investigates the relationship between satellite-derived AOD, meteorological variables, and surface PM2.5 concentrations over Mumbai, India, [...]
Wind farms occupy fire-prone terrain but show no evidence of targeting burnt land: a multi-scale, time-ordered analysis for Greece
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A recurring claim in Greek public discourse holds that wildfires are set to clear land for wind farms, so that turbines end up on burnt ground. We test this with a design built to avoid the base-rate fallacy of simple overlap statistics, comparing the operational Greek wind fleet against wind-viable land with a use-availability case-control model and a time-ordered survival model, on a scale [...]
Machine Learning for GIS-Based Flood Susceptibility Mapping: A Global Bibliometric and Systematic Review of Research Trends and Future Directions (2005-2026)
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Engineering
Flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) has become an essential component of disaster risk reduction and sustainable environmental management, particularly with the growing frequency and severity of flood events under changing climatic conditions. The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and machine learning (ML) has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of flood [...]
Cloud-Free Imaging Probability Forecasting for Optical Earth-Observation Tasking over Yerevan, Armenia
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Remote Sensing
Optical Earth-observation satellites such as Sentinel-2 cannot see through cloud, so a tasking attempt over a cloudy target wastes a limited imaging window along with onboard power and downlink bandwidth. We study whether next-day cloud conditions over Yerevan, Armenia can be forecast accurately enough to automate the binary Go/No-Go tasking decision. Daily cloud-free fractions are derived from [...]
Beyond equilibrium: Multi-method mass-balance monitoring at the vanishing Alpine glacier Stubacher Sonnblickkees, Austria
Published: 2026-07-06
Subjects: Glaciology
Glaciers in the Eastern Alps are approaching extinction, raising the question of how reliably established mass-balance monitoring methods perform on glaciers in severe disequilibrium. We present a multi-year (2018–2025) intercomparison of three independent methods – direct glaciological, semi-direct (accumulation-area-ratio based) and UAV-geodetic – at Stubacher Sonnblickkees (SSK), Austria, [...]
Atmospheric Mineral Carbonation and the Case against Ca(OH)₂ Dispersal: A Four-Barrier Feasibility Analysis
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are essential for climate stabilization, yet chemical plausibility does not guarantee practical viability. The atmospheric dispersal of Ca(OH)₂ exemplifies this gap. While the carbonation reaction is permanent and chemically straightforward, its deployment faces four critical barriers: a carbon-positive production cycle, uncontrollable ecological [...]
Fluorapatite Breakdown and Fluor-edenite Formation in the Pristine Winonaite Calate 047 from Chile's Atacama Desert
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Cosmochemistry, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Mineral Physics
We report the discovery and characterization of Calate 047, a new amphibole-bearing winonaite found in Chile's Atacama Desert. This meteorite exhibits a fine-grained granoblastic texture with equigranular silicates (70-350 μm) and extremely magnesian compositions (olivine Fa1.6-1.8, low-Ca pyroxene Wo1.46-1.7Fs0.44-1.17, high-Ca pyroxene Wo45.26-45.81Fs0.70-0.93, plagioclase An17.7-18.8). Calate [...]