Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
Integrating rapid 3D structural validation into interpretation: forward modelling of the Katnook Graben, Otway Basin
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Structural validation of a prospect is invariably applied after the interpretation is finished, by restoring one or two key lines in 2D or, rarely, by a full 3D restoration that needs finished horizons and a specialist. The authors propose that a simple 3D kinematic forward model, built in minutes using a few explicit structural rules, fully restorable and scaled onto the mapped horizons, is a [...]
Earth Science Education for Community Preparedness: Place-Based Approaches to Climate, Water, and Natural Hazards in K-12 Schools
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Science and Mathematics Education
This manuscript presents a K-12 Earth science education framework that connects place-based geoscience learning with community preparedness. Earth science education is positioned as a practical pathway for helping students understand weather, climate, water systems, landforms, natural hazards, and human interactions with Earth systems. Drawing on scholarship and guidance from geoscience [...]
Rapid Fault Leakage Screening for CO₂ Storage Under Uncertainty: Application to a Faulted Miocene Aquifer in the Malay Basin
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Engineering, Other Environmental Sciences, Transport Phenomena
Geological CO2 storage is critical for mitigating climate change, yet the risk of leakage along faults poses significant challenges. Faults function as structural traps or preferential CO2 migration pathways depending on their sealing capacity. This study applies a computationally efficient rapid fault leakage analysis tool that combines a vertically integrated reservoir model with an upscaled [...]
Transformation of climatologically anomalous water masses
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We derive a novel anomalous water mass budget framework in which water masses are defined by bounds on tracer anomalies rather than absolute tracer values, extending Water Mass Transformation (WMT) theory to ocean variability and extremes. The material derivative of tracer anomalies introduces three additional transformation terms absent from the standard WMT framework: advection of [...]
Urban Morphology & Climate Hazards: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence, Gaps and Future Directions
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Urban morphology shapes cities’ exposure to climate hazards, yet evidence remains fragmented across across hazard types, urban forms, data sources, analytical approaches, and geographic contexts. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on links between urban morphology and six hazards: urban heat, floods, landslides, air-quality degradation, wildfires, and droughts. We reviewed peer-reviewed [...]
Climate-Induced Risk to Food Security in Two Indian Indigenous Communities: Evaluating Impact and Associations Through Community Perception
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Food systems across low- and middle-income countries remain inadequately equipped to anticipate climate-sensitive risks, particularly among indigenous and ecologically dependent populations. While climate change impacts are frequently linked to food security, attention needs to be paid to how communities experience climate stressors in their food systems. Our study examines perceived climate [...]
Grounding-Line Retreat and Sea-Level Feedback in Pine Island Glacier: A Century-Scale Perspective
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A vital component of the global climate system is the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). West AIS’s major outlet is Pine Island Glacier (PIG), which has been rapidly thinned as well as accelerated recently. As per numerous studies, PIG is undergoing irreversible retreat and acceleration. Yet, there is a lack of studies on the coupled feedback mechanism between the ice sheets and Sea Level (SL) in the [...]
Dynamic physiology broadens the molecular composition of kelp-derived dissolved organic matter exported to the coastal ocean
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Life Sciences
Metabolites are exuded by marine primary producers and contribute to the pool of dissolved organic matter that structures the ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems. In the coastal ocean, macroalgae such as kelps fix inorganic carbon via photosynthesis and release a fraction of that carbon as dissolved organic matter. In this study, we characterized the exo-metabolome of the globally [...]
Survey Protocol Cards for Crop Maps
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Computer Engineering
Crop type maps underpin food security decisions yet their accuracy depends on label quality, which in turn depends on survey design choices made under tight budgets. Survey planners must allocate limited resources across GPS devices, stratification strategies, sample size, worker training, and verification protocols, but lack quantitative guidance on which investments yield quality crop maps. We [...]
Rethinking livestock futures: Integrating climate impacts and genomic technologies into global food security models
Published: 2025-10-22
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With the projected increase in the global population and food demand on a planet in climate crisis, the debate about the role of livestock continues to intensify. Animals farmed for food are both a victim and a contributor of climate change (CC), with animals suffering from heat stress due to CC but also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Livestock studies have demonstrated [...]
Investigating the Formation Conditions of Evaporitic Chloride, Carbonate, and Sulfate Paragenetic Assemblages on Early Mars
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Sciences
Aqueous alteration minerals, such as chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates, have been discovered on the surface of Mars by both orbital and in situ rover observations. Alteration minerals require liquid water for their formation and can place critical constraints on the geochemistry of the aqueous systems in which they are formed. Primary mineralization facilitated by evaporation of weathering [...]
Rapid Estimation of Soil Profile Arsenic Content and Identification of Substitute Indicators Using Random Forest: A Case Study of Nenjiang City, China
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Direct measurement of soil arsenic (As) requires complex analytical procedures, motivating the development of predictive methods based on readily measurable indicators. This study systematically analyzed 50 geochemical indicators using 204 soil samples collected from 69 sampling sites across a 0–500 cm depth profile in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province. A random forest (RF) algorithm was [...]
Do Coupled Megathrusts Rupture?
Published: 2025-09-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Megathrust earthquakes are among the most destructive and least predictable natural hazards. Kinematic geodetic coupling models, which identify regions of the plate interface where interseismic strain accumulates, are essential for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment. Yet their reliability remains debated: geodetic records are short, offshore resolution remains poor, and earthquake ruptures may [...]
SWMMCanada: An Open-Source Service for Generating Ready-to-Run Urban Drainage Models Across Canada
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology, Software Engineering
Urban stormwater modelling is often slowed more by data preparation than by the simulation itself, because rainfall, terrain, land cover, soil, and pipe network data usually come from different agencies, formats, projections, and data structures. This software paper presents SWMMCanada, an open source and standardized model building service that makes Canadian urban hydrological modelling easier [...]
WITHDRAWN: East-west Variability of Sea Level in the Red Sea
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences