Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
An Integrated Domain-Based Evolution Model for Red Sea: New Sea-Floor Spreading Evidence
Published: 2026-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The evolution and lateral extent of oceanic accretion within the central and northern Red Sea remain subjects of long-standing tectonic debate. Although young oceanic crust beneath the southern axial trough is widely accepted, uncertainty persists regarding whether complete separation between the Arabian and Nubian plates has occurred across the basin or whether oceanic crust remains confined to [...]
Temperate forest floors: Ecosystem hub in transition?
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
The forest floor (FF) plays a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. It is the biologically most active compartment of forest soils, highly responsive to environmental conditions. Yet, its response to current changes in environmental conditions and forest management is understudied. Temperate forests are among the best studied ecosystems globally, providing the necessary ecological and [...]
Probabilistic Streamflow Forecasts for Mississippi River Navigation Risk and Parametric Insurance
Published: 2026-10-11
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Mississippi River navigation is disrupted by both low and high water extremes, yet shippers, ports, and terminals lack a simple instrument to transfer that risk. We test whether probabilistic forecasts of monthly streamflow can provide useful navigation-risk information. Using pretrained Chronos-2 at three major Mississippi River subbasin outlets, we compute navigation risk probabilities, [...]
Topographic control on ice anisotropy in Antarctic ice rises inferred from phase-sensitive radar
Published: 2026-08-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Raymond effect within ice rises and underneath ice divides of ice sheets arises from the non-linear rheology of the ice and steady-flow conditions. The resulting Raymond arches seen in radargrams have been associated with crystal orientation fabric (COF) that produces ice optical anisotropy, detectable with radar. We use data collected with a phase-sensitive radar across two ice rises, [...]
Desert pavements stabilise arid vegetation patterns
Published: 2026-08-26
Subjects: Desert Ecology, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Some vegetation patterns have aridity-dependent morphology. On low-angle arid hillslopes, vegetation organises into bands which follow topographic contours. Terraces emerge with these bands due to vegetation’s drag on sediment-laden runoff, creating a topographic signature of life diagnostic of precipitation rate. Another widespread feature of arid environments is desert pavement, surficial [...]
A satellite blind spot masks crop residue burning across northern India
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Postmonsoon crop residue burning in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana is a major source of air pollution and air quality degradation across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Recent satellite observations have revealed an apparent inconsistency between declining fire detections and persistent or increasing atmospheric pollution. Here we combine eight years (2018-2025) of fire observations from [...]
Enhancing High-Impact Rainfall Forecasts via Multi-Sensor, Multi-Stage Variational Data Assimilation in WRF: Insights from the CYGMEN Project
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Assimilating high-resolution radar reflectivity and complementary observation types remains a central challenge for improving short-term quantitative precipitation forecasts of severe Mediterranean weather systems. This study investigates the effect of multi-source data assimilation configurations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data [...]
Field-scale sugarcane mapping in Thailand by fusing annual satellite embeddings with a global field-boundary model, cross-checked against mill weighbridge records
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Computer and Systems Architecture, Computer Engineering, Engineering
Sugarcane in Thailand is grown almost entirely by smallholders who deliver to mills under seasonal contracts, so the quantities that matter to planning are properties of individual fields rather than of pixels. Published Thai cane maps are per-pixel classifications, and global cane products perform markedly worse in Thailand than elsewhere because cane is confused with cassava. Whether the global [...]
Mineral association drives divergent chemical trajectories of organic sulfur during dryland soil development
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Soil Science
Sulfur (S) deficiency is becoming more widespread as atmospheric S deposition declines, increasing ecosystem reliance on mineralization of soil organic S as a source of plant-available sulfate. Yet how organic S chemistry evolves during soil development, and how this evolution is mediated by microbial processing and mineral association, remains poorly understood, particularly in drylands. Here, [...]
X-ray microdiffraction mapping on experimentally synthesized clinopyroxenes
Published: 2026-10-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
Crystallographic parameters serve as fundamental archives of crystallization environments, with pressure generally acting as a key variable governing crystal formation. In magmatic systems, tracking crystallographic and chemical parameters in clinopyroxene is critical for robust magmatic thermobarometry and reconstructing crystal life histories. While chemical thermobarometry is limited by melt [...]
Machine-learning predictions of annual lake-level recreational boat traffic in Minnesota
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Other Life Sciences
Recreational boating provides human health and economic benefits, but can also cause harm through introductions of aquatic invasive species (AIS). Minnesota, USA, has a large number of lakes, an active boating community, and a watercraft inspection program that collects data regarding boat launches at select sites. However, there is currently no direct monitoring system that measures boating [...]
Source-composition sensitivity in historical marine wind observations: a CLIWOC case study, 1750--1855
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Library and Information Science, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Applied Mathematics, Other Computer Sciences
Recovering Climate’s History with Artificial Intelligence used the CLIWOC ship-logbook database to argue that sailors’ wind observations reveal a previously undetected shift in global atmospheric circulation between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. We reproduce the article's principal annual aggregate from CLIWOC release 2.1 and find that this unstandardized, record-weighted [...]
Evaluating Dynamic Viability of Finite-Fault Slip Models with Ensemble Kalman Inversion
Published: 2026-10-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Finite-fault slip models are widely used to infer earthquake rupture processes, yet they are inherently non-unique and do not guarantee physically consistent rupture evolution. Here, we develop a data-constrained framework that couples Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI) with large-scale 3D dynamic rupture simulations to efficiently evaluate the dynamic viability of finite-fault slip models. The [...]
Multi-objective optimisation of natural flood management for community-level property damage reduction using a physically based distributed hydrological model
Published: 2026-10-18
Subjects: Engineering
Natural flood management (NFM) at the catchment scale requires cost-effective spatial configurations that maximise flood risk reduction while minimising implementation cost. Existing studies often assess predefined scenarios at catchment outlets, limiting systematic portfolio evaluation and community-scale impact assessment. This study couples the fully distributed, physically based SHETRAN [...]
Was the Pre-Event SWIR Anomaly at Tsangbu Ri a Genuine Glacier-Collapse Precursor? A Calibrated Multi-Glacier Test of the 2026 Case
Published: 2026-09-19
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geographic Information Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Planetary Geology, Planetary Glaciology, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Tectonics and Structure
On 26 August 2026 a compound bedrock-and-glacier failure on the northern flank of the Langtang Lirung–Tsangbu Ri (Kimshung) massif, Nepal–China border, generated a rock–ice avalanche and a catastrophic downstream flood along the Bhotekoshi–Trishuli river system. A pre-event Sentinel-2 shortwave-infrared (SWIR2–NIR–Red) composite (12 August 2026) shows a sharply bounded, strongly saturated [...]