Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
An Idealized Model of Buoyant Gas Spreading and Silt Release beneath Rough Cave Ceilings
Published: 2026-10-06
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Hydrology, Partial Differential Equations, Sedimentology, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Gas exhaled by open-circuit divers collects under the ceilings of submerged caves, migrates along the rock, and dislodges loose silt that then falls through the passage, a process that cave divers call percolation. This study develops an idealized model of the process. Buoyant gas under a self-affine rough ceiling is treated as a quasi-static sequence of pools that fill to their spill points, [...]
From 2D labels to 3D structure: Scalable label transfer and benchmarking of 3D vegetation models in rangeland ecosystems
Published: 2026-05-02
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biogeochemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing
Three-dimensional (3D) characterisation of vegetation structure at the level of individual growth forms is critical for understanding ecosystem function and resilience, yet remains challenging in rangelands because vegetation is sparse, low-stature, and structurally heterogeneous. Recent 3D deep-learning models perform strongly in forests, but their transfer beyond closed-canopy benchmarks is [...]
Linear geophysical inversion with seismic image-guided kriging
Published: 2026-09-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Linear geophysical inversions, such as the mapping of surface gravity anomaly to subsurface density anomaly, are a cornerstone of geophysical practice. However, the high degree of ill-posedness of such problems makes interpretation of the resulting subsurface models challenging. I develop a methodology to combine surface potential field measurements, direct subsurface sampling through scout [...]
Dendrochronology and the date of the Thera volcanic eruption
Published: 2026-09-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Volcanology
The main disciplines that contribute to our understanding of the chronology of the ancient Near East are history, archaeology, and various scientific dating techniques including dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating, and ice-core analysis. Beginning in the 1980s, a major rift began to develop between the historical-archaeological chronology and that based on dendrochronology-calibrated radiocarbon [...]
Recent armed conflict disrupts atmospheric climate monitoring
Published: 2026-09-07
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The unprecedented use of GPS jamming in the Russo-Ukrainian war severely disrupts GNSS Radio Occultation, a key remote sensing technique for climate monitoring and weather forecasting. Since 2018, a growing systematic gap in atmospheric observations has extended far beyond the direct conflict zone. This loss of data substantially impairs atmospheric temperature monitoring, introducing observation [...]
Can recovered data-centre heat supply solid-sorbent direct air capture regeneration? A thermodynamic and carbon-accounting review of the proposed DACR–HSDC coupling, with falsifiable deployment gates
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Background. Direct air capture (DAC) using temperature-vacuum swing adsorption requires electricity and low- to medium-temperature regeneration heat. Data centres reject heat that may be available for this purpose, but the temperature, timing and emissions intensity of that heat determine whether integration produces additional net atmospheric removal. An earlier design document by the [...]
Feature-Relative Deployment Optimisation of Ice-Tethered Buoy Arrays in the Southern Ocean
Published: 2026-10-13
Subjects: Oceanography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Southern Ocean marginal ice zone is critical for climate dynamics and sea-ice model validation, yet remains severely undersampled due to costly deployment and short buoy lifetimes. The sea-ice edge shifts by hundreds of kilometres between years, so fixed-coordinate optimisation fails when future ice conditions are unknown. This paper presents a robust multi-objective framework that encodes [...]
The critical role of stored energy in metamorphism
Published: 2026-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The mechanical behaviour of the Earth is widely assumed to change with increasing timescale as rocks progressively relax imposed stresses [1]. On short timescales, elasticity dominates and its release drives earthquakes [2]; at intermediate timescales, viscoelastic relaxation facilitates processes such as glacial rebound [3]; whereas over geological timescales viscous deformation dominates, [...]
Soil organic carbon change in UK mineral and organo-mineral soils since 2000: a systematic evidence map and critical narrative synthesis
Published: 2026-09-15
Subjects: Soil Science
Soil organic carbon is increasingly embedded in United Kingdom climate and land-use policy, yet the empirical basis for estimating its long-term change in mineral and organo-mineral soils remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic evidence map and critical narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2025 to evaluate soil organic carbon stocks and changes [...]
Automated karst spring catchment approximation for discharge modelling
Published: 2026-08-27
Subjects: Hydrology
Karst spring discharge modelling is complicated by the limited availability of hydrogeologically delineated catchments, particularly in large-sample applications. We present an automated approach to approximate karst spring catchments from discharge, gridded recharge, and topography and evaluate its suitability for discharge modelling at 63 springs across the wider Alpine region. Recharge-area [...]
Decoupling ore formation, ductile fabric and hydrothermal upgrading in the giant Salobo IOCG deposit, Carajás Province, Brazil
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The Salobo deposit is the largest Cu-Au deposit of the Carajás Mineral Province, northern Brazil, and is hosted by altered volcanosedimentary schists of the Itacaiúnas Supergroup along the Cinzento Lineament. Multiscale structural analysis, mineral chemistry and published geochronology define four structural families: Pre-Dn, Dn, Dn+1 and Dn+2. The Pre-Dn event comprises high-temperature K, K-Fe [...]
Coupled Physics-Based and Machine Learning Streamflow Modeling with High-Resolution Flood Inundation and Impact Assessment for Hurricane Florence (2018): A Case Study of the Neuse River at Goldsboro, North Carolina
Published: 2026-09-18
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Planetary Hydrology, Probability
Hurricane Florence made landfall in North Carolina in September 2018 and produced record or near-record river stages across the Neuse River basin, including at United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauge 02089000 near Goldsboro. This study presents an end-to-end hydrological and floodmapping workflow that couples a semi-distributed, physics-based rainfall-runoff model (Physics V3.5) and a [...]
Soil pore architecture regulates carbon persistence via anaerobic microsites
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Soil Science
Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence in agricultural soils is a promising lever for climate mitigation, but realizing this potential depends on management practices that reliably promote SOC stabilization. Physical protection of organic compounds within soil aggregates is widely invoked to explain carbon stabilization under no-till farming, yet the role of pore architecture in [...]
Residue alkalinity limits microbial leaching of rare earth elements from industrial wastes
Published: 2026-11-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability
Microorganisms that make acids can recover rare earth elements from industrial residues such as red mud, coal fly ash, phosphogypsum and electronic waste. Most published studies test one organism on one residue, so their results are hard to transfer. Here we compiled 17 bioleaching studies, covering 10 residues, 5 groups of organisms and 217 runs. We described them all with one physical model, [...]
Positive Nature Futures for Transformative Change: Visions from Youth in Europe and Central Asia
Published: 2026-10-20
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Education, Environmental Studies
Amid an escalating global crisis for safeguarding nature and its contributions to people, advancing methods to envision and realise transformative change is increasingly urgent. The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) provides a heuristic to co-create visions of positive futures centred on human-nature relationship and diverse values of nature. Despite its potential, the application of the NFF among [...]