Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
Preserving Probabilistic Meaning in Weather-to-Text Generation
Published: 2026-10-01
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
Weather-to-text generation must preserve the event attached to a probability, not only its numerical value. We represent rainfall statements through event thresholds, boundary inclusion, probability levels and conditioning. A verifier bounds event probabilities under partially specified exact distributions and separately checks fidelity to operational reporting conventions. We evaluate eight [...]
From Equations to Geospatial Foundation models. What comes next for forest prediction?
Published: 2026-09-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
Predicting forest attributes and dynamics has long been a central objective of forestry, yet robust and transferable prediction remains challenging. Forest ecosystems are intrinsically heterogeneous, only partially observable, and shaped by interacting processes operating across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Over the past decades, predictive modelling has expanded across methodological [...]
Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation using neural networks with spatial, inter-period, and cross-component correlations
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Simulated ground motions are increasingly used in earthquake engineering, particularly in regions with sparse strong-motion recordings where constraining non-ergodic ground-motion models (GMMs) remains challenging. Physics-based simulations (PBS) can reproduce key source and wave-propagation effects but are often limited to low frequencies, whereas stochastic methods are computationally efficient [...]
Extreme Precipitation Indices Trends and Patterns in the Philippines
Published: 2026-09-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Sciences, Meteorology
The Philippines experiences approximately 86% of its recorded disaster events from extreme precipitation, yet national-scale trend studies remain constrained by sparse station networks and narrow index coverage. This study mapped the spatial patterns and long-term trends of 12 extreme precipitation indices across the Philippine archipelago using 45 years of daily gridded precipitation data from [...]
Predictive Modeling of Hydrodynamic Dispersion for High-Pressure Atomized Crude Oil Plumes During Tidal Phase-Lag Loops in Santa Barbara Estuaries, Nigeria
Published: 2026-09-09
Subjects: Engineering
This study models the multi-phase hydrodynamic atomization, near-surface jet shattering, and transient longitudinal advection-diffusion transport of high-pressure crude oil plumes within a tidally driven tropical estuary. It maps the 38-day uncontained wellhead failure at the Santa Barbara South Well-1 (OML 29) in Opu-Nembe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, to quantify sub-surface contaminant migration [...]
Towards Prospective Disaster Risk Management: Mapping Multi-hazard Urban Risk Dynamics Driven by Evolving Exposure and Vulnerability via Earth Observation
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Categorical Data Analysis, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Other Computer Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Risk Analysis, Spatial Science, Structural Engineering
As local governments increasingly adopt geospatial Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) to inform prospective public policy, the reliability of existing static risk intelligence is challenged by the continuous evolution of building exposure, population distribution, and physical vulnerability. Recent multi-temporal datasets of the built environment, derived from Earth Observation, have [...]
Accessibility and its many dimensions: why geographical accessibility should be named explicitly
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Other Geography
In geography and transport research, accessibility is often defined and measured precisely, yet the term is frequently used as shorthand for geographical accessibility. This can reduce transparency in interdisciplinary contexts, where accessibility also refers to social, temporal, financial, informational, institutional, material, skills-related and experiential conditions of actual use. [...]
A response surface framework for persistence-aware lime requirement
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Conventional lime-requirement (LR) methods estimate the dose needed to attain a target soil pH, but do not indicate how long the correction remains acceptable during re-acidification. We tested whether repeated dose–response measurements could provide a persistence-aware LR. Single applications of calcium carbonate (CaCO{\! }_{3}) and calcium oxide (CaO) were evaluated in clay, sandy loam, and [...]
No Robust Evidence for a GDP–Methane Relationship in Africa, 1970–2024: A Multi-Specification Test Against the Environmental Kuznets Curve and STIRPAT Frameworks
Published: 2026-10-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The green growth hypothesis, that economic growth can be decoupled from environmental harm, is embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals and national climate strategies, yet remains contested, with recent evidence questioning whether decoupling occurs fast enough to meet climate targets. Methane policy for Africa, including the Global Methane Pledge's 22-plus African signatories, implicitly [...]
The relation of ENSO with global surface temperature
Published: 2026-10-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we examined the seasonal structure of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–global surface temperature relation in monthly observations for June 1979–May 2026. Neglecting seasonality, correlations of Niño-3.4 with global mean surface temperature (GMST) and tropical mean surface temperature (TMST) are largest at lags of three and two months, respectively; without detrending, GMST [...]
In-context learning for small-sample soil mid-infrared spectroscopy: evaluating TabPFN across an integrated soil-acidity panel
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Soil acidity diagnosis requires several interdependent laboratory measurements, limiting throughput. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy can estimate this panel from one scan, but practical use depends on robust calibration. Deep learning has surpassed conventional methods in many data-rich fields; however, adapted deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are [...]
From buffer-based tables to dynamic response curves for soil-specific lime requirement estimation using machine learning
Published: 2026-09-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Accurate estimation of lime requirement (LR) remains a major challenge in acid soils, as conventional buffer-based approaches, particularly the Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) method, rely on a single equilibrium measurement and predefined target pH values, limiting their ability to capture the diversity of soil neutralization responses. This study evaluated whether machine-learning (ML) models can [...]
Causal-Discovery Signals Between Climatic and Socioeconomic Candidate Correlates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Sciences, Public Health
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis threatening human, animal, and environmental well-being. While its spread is often linked to antibiotic use, its environmental and socioeconomic drivers remain poorly understood. This study investigates observational causal-discovery signals between AMR and climatic and socioeconomic drivers across 49 U.S. states, using [...]
National-scale mapping locates the mismatch between perceived and assessed flood risk in India
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Flood risk management assumes that people in hazardous places recognize the danger they face, but evidence on flood risk perception remains sparse in South Asia, home to much of the world's flood-exposed population. India has more than 600 million people exposed to inland flood hazards and the highest flood-related mortality in Asia, yet no national evidence base on flood risk perception. Here we [...]
MilAMin in the browser: a million unknowns a minute in TypeScript and WebAssembly
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Tectonics and Structure
In 2008 MILAMIN showed that a finite element code written in native MATLAB, a language then held to be too slow for large problems, could set up, solve and post-process one million unknowns per minute on a desktop, provided every stage of the pipeline gets equal care. This note brings the same pipeline to the web browser: Triangle meshing, 7-node Crouzeix-Raviart elements, supernodal Cholesky [...]