Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
Hydrogeochemical Vectoring to Concealed Porphyry Copper Systems Using Unsupervised Machine Learning: A Case Study from Central British Columbia, Canada
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Environments with thick cover present a challenge to surficial exploration efforts the Canadian Cordillera has extensive Quaternary glacial till and sediment cover, making it difficult to find hidden ore bodies. An alternative is using hydrogeochemistry as an exploration tool, to detect anomalies associated with mineralization. This study demonstrates the hydrogeochemical vectoring to [...]
Co-production as a mechanism for long-term Nature-based Solution viability: evidence from urban biofilters in an informal settlement of the Global South
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Life Sciences
Assessing the long-term viability of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in vulnerable urban contexts remains a major methodological challenge. Existing assessment frameworks primarily emphasize technical performance while giving limited attention to physical device survival and the continuity of the socio-technical arrangements required to sustain interventions over time. This study develops and [...]
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance against GHCND station observations across Asian cities
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Climate
Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are commonly used to infer future atmospheric temperatures across the world, including in Asia. This region is warming at an alarming rate, and home to some of the world's most populated countries and many of its most populated, fastest-growing and most heat-vulnerable cities. CMIP models are not always checked against local city-scale [...]
ConLoRA-Sat: Parameter-Efficient Synthetic Satellite Imagery Generation for Data-Scarce Humanitarian Contexts
Published: 2026-10-14
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Data scarcity constrains Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) in regions such as the Horn of Africa. One example is United Nations peacekeeping training, which needs fictitious yet geographically plausible terrain rather than identifiable real locations. This article presents ConLoRA-Sat, a framework that generates satellite imagery with controllable land cover, together with a segmentation [...]
Seasonal and interannual dynamics of estuary connectivity along the California coast
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing
Intermittently closed estuaries are globally widespread and ecologically important, yet their mouth-state dynamics are difficult to observe simultaneously at multiple estuaries, limiting understanding of how regional forcing and local controls shape estuary-ocean connectivity. We developed a multi-year record of estuary mouth connectivity for 66 intermittently closed estuaries along the [...]
Seasonality and Trends in Coastal Water Temperatures from NOAA Water Level Monitoring Stations along US Coasts
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal regions are complex environments. They lie at the confluence of physical oceanic, atmospheric, and land-based processes, and continue to undergo significant change due to both natural and human-driven factors. Although it is well known that ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have increased over the past several decades, extending these trends and patterns to coastal waters is [...]
Urban Sprawl and Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Greater Gaborone: A Spatial Analysis of the Land Use–Transport–Environment Relationship
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid urban sprawl in many Sub-Saharan African cities has significantly reshaped urban mobility patterns, resulting in longer commuting distances, increased private vehicle dependence, and growing pressure on major transport corridors. These trends have important implications for environmental quality, urban sustainability, and climate resilience. This paper investigates the spatial relationship [...]
Assessment of methods for collection, preservation, and storage of water samples for dissolved methane and nitrous oxide concentration measurements
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are potent greenhouse gases produced and consumed in freshwater and marine systems. Their measurement in water is challenging due to contamination risks at various sampling, storage, and analysis stages. Samples that are stored before analysis are commonly preserved with mercuric chloride (HgCl2), which is highly toxic. To date, no studies have conducted a [...]
Does low-carbon transition encourage equity principles ?
Published: 2026-10-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
This study investigates researchers’ research practices using the Ma Terre (MTr) serious game, in which participants adopt fictional, but realistic, characters representing research team members. Across eighty five Ma Terre workshops gathering three hundred academics issued from twelve research domains, teams negotiated measures to reduce their carbon footprint by 50%, considering travel research [...]
Systematic validation of 3D ground-based radars for tracking birds and bats
Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Ground-based radar (GBR) is increasingly used to quantify bird and bat movement in support of ecological studies, environmental monitoring, and collision risk assessment, yet few studies have systematically validated radar-derived tracks against targets with known positions. We evaluated the performance of two commercially available 3D GBRs using controlled drone flights that were designed to [...]
Recent Changes in Lake Chad’s Surface Water Extent: A Remote Sensing Assessment Using Sentinel-2 Land Cover Data (2017-2025)
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Lake Chad is an endorheic freshwater lake located at the junction of four countries; Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon in West-Central Africa. Lake Chad, once one of Africa’s largest freshwater bodies, has experienced significant hydrological fluctuations over the past decades. While long-term historical analyses highlight a severe 90% surface area contraction since the 1960s, short-term [...]
Intensifying salinity intrusion in the Barataria Basin, 2010 to 2026: a coastward gradient in the rate of change
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Barataria Basin, a shallow microtidal estuary in coastal Louisiana, has lost a substantial part of its wetland area and is exposed to increasing salinity intrusion as the Mississippi River remains leveed and relative sea level rises. Salinity conditions in this basin have been described, but whether the rate at which salinity changes varies spatially across the basin has not yet been [...]
Recurrent evacuation of mantle mush in ocean islands revealed by clinopyroxene from La Palma
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Temporal variations in magma plumbing architecture and magmatic processes influence eruption priming and the interpretation of pre- and syn-eruptive signals. Yet, how these variations operate in low-flux ocean island volcanoes remains poorly constrained, leaving a key gap in understanding eruption precursors. Here we examine the temporal evolution of magmatic processes recorded in clinopyroxene [...]
Ambient Noise Surface-Wave Polarization in Anisotropic Media: Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We develop an adiabatic theory and practical methodology for measuring quasi-Rayleigh and quasi-Love polarization from the complete ambient noise cross-correlation tensor. The formulation allows the polarization parameters at both stations of a pair to be estimated jointly and, under sufficiently adiabatic propagation, interpreted in terms of local anisotropic structure at those locations. A new [...]
A Probabilistic Framework for Site-Specific Tropical Cyclone Loss Quantification and Reinsurance Optimization
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quantifying the financial risk posed by landfalling tropical cyclones requires statistical methods that extend beyond the limits of a short and non-stationary historical observational record. This paper explores techniques for improving site-specific loss estimation in tropicalcyclone catastrophe risk, an area of ongoing interest to insurance and reinsurance pricingand solvency capital [...]