Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
The ocean’s gravity-driven carbon flux from serendipitous particle traps
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Particles sinking into the ocean’s interior are a food source for deep-sea ecosystems and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Yet, measurements of the sinking flux are sparse, leaving substantial uncertainties in its magnitude and variability. We demonstrate how a fleet of Argo floats has serendipitously measured the sinking flux for the last decade because particles settled onto the floats [...]
MCR-GeoChem: A harmonized, quality-flagged open compilation of whole-rock and mineral geochemistry for the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Higher Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nickel, copper, cobalt, and the platinum-group metals are all on the final 2025 U.S. List of Critical Minerals, and the 1.1-billion-year-old Midcontinent Rift around Lake Superior hosts some of the largest domestic resources of them. The rock chemistry needed to study these systems is public but fragmented: it is spread across the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geochemical Database, [...]
The Influence of Large-Scale Weather Patterns on Potential Wind Energy Fields over Mexico
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
The assessment of wind energy resources in large regions presents a substantial challenge for energy system operators due to the intricacies involved in accurately describing all atmospheric circulation patterns and, even more so, modeling their inherent dynamics. This research primarily aimed to identify the prevailing synoptic weather patterns over continental Mexico and its surrounding [...]
Slopes rarely out-warm the floor a 2003–2025 MODIS assessment of deep surface-based night-time inversions over the Malang basin, East Java
Published: 2026-10-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
Nocturnal cold-air pools can trap heat and pollutants in basin cities, but tropical basins are seldom monitored. We assessed deep surface-based night-time inversions over the Malang basin, East Java, Indonesia, from 2003–2025 MODIS Terra and Aqua night-time land surface temperature (LST), using the difference ΔT between a slope band (900–1300 m; mean 1079 m) and the rural basin floor (≤ 600 m; [...]
Local ETM+ to OLI EVI Harmonisation in Tropical Forest Environments
Published: 2026-10-03
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
This report evaluates ETM+ to OLI EVI harmonisation in tropical forest environments us-ing 8,988,291 paired observations. Results show strong linear correspondence but substan-tial acquisition-to-acquisition variability. The empirical relationship differs markedly from the CONUS-derived framework of Roy et al. (2016), indicating that its direct application is not supported under the investigated [...]
Carbon and the Elements of Life: Integrated Observing and Modeling of Marine Biological Carbon Cycles
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Biology, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The global ocean acts as a massive reservoir for carbon dioxide, establishing ocean biogeochemistry as a primary driver of global carbon distributions [1-3]. This dynamic system is mediated by living organisms that cycle carbon and other elements through the ocean interior and air-sea interface, and is already being altered by warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and shifting nutrient supply [...]
Counterfactual Evaluation of a Satellite-Connected Multi-Sensor Early-Warning System During the 26 August 2026 Bhote Koshi–Trishuli Disaster
Published: 2026-10-03
Subjects: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Risk Analysis, Systems and Communications
The 26 August 2026 Bhote Koshi–Trishuli disaster raised an important question: could a warning system continue to reach people if local infrastructure failed? This study tests a proposed system using satellite communication, a reviewed river network, 15 radar-gauge stations, 2 candidate geophone stations, a camera site and 32 mapped target references. The analysis consists of two segments. The [...]
Beyond the 100-kyr and 41-kyr dichotomy: ~76- and ~52-kyr signals and forbidden periodicities in Quaternary glacial cycles
Published: 2026-04-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
While the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) is often termed a shift from 41-kyr to ∼100-kyr glacial cycles, this binary perspective fails to capture the nuanced spectral evolution of Quaternary climate. Using weighted wavelet spectral analysis of benthic δ18O records, we identified previously underappreciated signals—∼52 kyr before 1.2 Ma and ∼76 kyr thereafter—marking the MPT's onset. These [...]
Leveraging Ocean Data and Models: Building the Data Infrastructure, Workforce, and Modeling Capacity to Synthesize Earth’s Ocean Observations
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Computer Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
NASA’s aquatic and marine research enterprise within the overarching NASA Biosphere Program is entering an era of unprecedented data abundance. MODIS and the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission already generate ocean color data at rates that strain legacy processing and archiving workflows, and forthcoming missions will add further volume and complexity. These satellite [...]
Transient Events: A Rapid-Response, Multi-Platform Observing Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Abrupt Change in Aquatic Ecosystems
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extremes, not average conditions, increasingly govern the state of aquatic ecosystems and the risks they carry for people. Events far outside normal variability can reshape ecosystem structure and function within hours to weeks, and both the observational record and climate projections indicate such extremes are growing more frequent, more intense, and longer lasting. Whether an extreme becomes a [...]
When and why does CO2 mineralization in basalts stall? A critical review of microscale passivation, pore-clogging mechanisms and the multiscale imaging needed to resolve them
Published: 2026-10-08
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology
In-situ CO2 mineralization in basalts is among the most secure forms of geological carbon storage. Field pilots report rapid mineralization and, where monitored, stable injectivity, yet many laboratory experiments show that carbonation slows or stops long before the reactive cation inventory of the rock is consumed. We synthesise four field pilots (CarbFix1, CarbFix2, Wallula, Jizan) and 37 [...]
Interface Habitats: An Integrated Observing Strategy for Earth’s Most Dynamic and Consequential Aquatic Boundaries
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Biodiversity, Climate, Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
One line, no hard line breaks — safe to copy and paste: Interface Habitats – the dynamic boundaries where water meets land, the seafloor, the atmosphere, and ice, and where fronts, eddies, and filaments draw comparably sharp boundaries within the water itself – are among Earth's most productive, diverse, and rapidly changing ecosystems, and the site of most human interaction with aquatic [...]
Local thermal externalities of hyperscale datacenters: causal satellite evidence and implied cooling costs
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
THIS VERSION IS SUPERSEDED BY V3 DUE TO CORRECTIONS AFTER PEER REVIEW Hyperscale datacenter construction converts agricultural or greenfield land into continuous heat rejection campuses, yet no causal estimate of the resulting local thermal effect exists. This paper applies a Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) staggered difference-in-differences estimator to spatially differenced Landsat satellite [...]
Fixed-ground multisensor monitoring resolves longitudinal vegetation condition and fuel-state structure in Southern California chaparral and oak scenes
Published: 2026-10-03
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Geography, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Plant Sciences, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Wildfire-relevant vegetation and fuel conditions evolve through interacting changes in vegetation condition, three-dimensional fuel structure, thermal response, and atmospheric drying, yet these dimensions are commonly monitored separately. This study evaluated repeated fixed-ground multisensor monitoring at two fixed vegetation scenes in Placerita Canyon, California. Multispectral imaging, [...]
Comment on Golkar and de Oliveira (2026): Missing eddy covariance observations undermine reported OpenET biases
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In a recent study published in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Golkar and de Oliveira (2026) reported systematic overestimation of evapotranspiration (ET) by OpenET across US climate zones and substantial improvements through machine learning bias correction. Here, we identify substantial inconsistencies in their eddy covariance (EC) reference data that challenge these conclusions. We first [...]