Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
Hyperlocal Seismic Soil Characteristic Measurements for Unexploded Ordnance Detection
Published: 2026-03-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) range from small plastic landmines to unexploded cannon shells to bombs that weigh hundreds of kilograms. They kill and maim thousands of people each year, make otherwise productive real estate unusable, and exist worldwide. Their variability and the variability of the soil in which they exist defeat and delay cleanup efforts. Current search technology treats soil [...]
Wave-Driven Sliding, Ratcheting, and Overturning of Coral Transplant Units: An Idealized Nonsmooth Contact Model
Published: 2026-10-11
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Marine Biology, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Systems Biology
Coral transplantation attaches fragments to a structure placed on the seabed, and that structure must stay put long enough for the fragments to fuse to it. We examine that requirement with an idealized model in which a transplant unit is a planar rigid body on a rigid bed under two unilateral frictional contacts, loaded through a Morison description of near-bed wave kinematics and integrated by a [...]
Land subsidence in Jakarta in Three Dimensions (2014-2025) using InSAR-GNSS Datum Connection and the Strapdown Decomposition
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Several coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding amplified by rapid land subsidence. However, Jakarta's three-dimensional (3D) ground-surface motion has remained poorly resolved due to sparse ground-based geodetic observations and the line-of-sight (LoS) limitation [...]
AerialStamp: dating aerial orthophotos from visual cues and Sentinel-2 time series
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Other Engineering
Aerial imagery from drones and airplanes is increasingly used as reference data for satellite remote sensing. Linking an orthophoto to the satellite observations of the same time requires its acquisition date. In crowd-sourced aerial archives, this reported acquisition date can be incorrect or incomplete. Yet no method exists to verify or estimate it from the data. Here, we develop AerialStamp, a [...]
Flood Exposure Assessment of Electrical Substations in Iowa Using Geospatial Service-Area and Influence-Zone Modeling
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences
Flooding poses a growing risk to electric substations, yet statewide assessments often fail to connect facility exposure with the spatial context of service territories, communities, built environments, and grid infrastructure. This study develops a data-driven geospatial framework to assess direct and indirect flood impacts on electrical substations across Iowa under 50-, 100-, and 500-year [...]
Municipal exposure to sea-level-rise inundation in Connecticut: a reproducible screening analysis of NOAA inundation-extent data and its sensitivity to methodological choices
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences, Oceanography, Physical and Environmental Geography
Municipal tabulations of sea-level-rise exposure are widely used in coastal planning, but they are sensitive to processing choices that are rarely reported. We tabulated NOAA Office for Coastal Management ocean-connected inundation-extent rasters for Connecticut (0.5–10 ft above mean higher high water, MHHW; ~3 m resolution from 2023 statewide lidar) for all 169 municipalities, using 2020 Census [...]
The single-pair unwrapping ceiling is a property of the track, not of the radar: Sentinel-1 evidence from rock–ice avalanches at Langtang Lirung and Ronti Peak
Published: 2026-09-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
This study asks what single-pair satellite data can detect before rock–ice avalanches, such as the Langtang Lirung (Nepal) and Ronti Peak (Chamoli, India) failures. The single-pair line-of-sight limit of 0.42 m yr⁻¹ for 12-day Sentinel-1 pairs is treated as a property of the radar, but the downslope ceiling depends on the track. I measure sensitivity to downslope motion f across Copernicus GLO-30 [...]
Using 4D synchrotron X-ray microtomography rigs for time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments: applications with the Mjölnir suite
Published: 2026-10-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Synchrotron 4D X-ray microtomography provides unique insights into evolving microstructures during deformation, fluid flow and mineral transformations, but offers limited access to crystallographic information such as phase composition, lattice strain, and stress. Conversely, synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides direct crystallographic measurements but is commonly restricted to small [...]
Universality and Information Loss in the Stratigraphic Record
Published: 2026-10-12
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Statistical Models, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, Stratigraphy
Sedimentary rocks are the main archive of Earth history, yet most of the time they span is not represented by rock. Material deposited at any moment survives only if the depositional surface never later erodes below it, so the stratigraphic column keeps only the lowest levels that a fluctuating surface will reach in the future. We treat this rule as a filter on a randomly evolving surface and [...]
Fingerprinting PFAS pollution in European surface waters
Published: 2026-10-13
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Water Resource Management
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of synthetic chemical substances used across industries and find application in a diverse range of consumer products. Owing to their ubiquitous use and ongoing emissions, such substances are distributed throughout the environment. PFAS and their metabolites pose considerable risk to environmental and human health due to their high [...]
Nationwide deadwood mapping reveals rising mountain forests vulnerability
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences
Forest mortality is increasing globally under climate change, making detailed, large-scale monitoring essential for understanding ecosystem responses and guiding adaptive forest management. Here, we present a spatio-temporal assessment of standing deadwood in Switzerland from 2018 to 2023, derived from centimeter-scale high-resolution aerial imagery. We reveal a consistent upslope concentration [...]
Who Breathes Worse? Socio-economic Deprivation and PM2.5 in India
Published: 2026-10-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Air pollution in India has intensified rapidly, alongside substantial population growth across regions with highly uneven socioeconomic and developmental conditions. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is among the leading environmental contributors to premature mortality in India, where national average concentrations exceed the World Health Organization guideline by an order of magnitude. [...]
MELVIS: An open-source web application for computing and modelling the viscosity of volcanic melts
Published: 2026-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The viscosity of volcanic melts governs magma transport, eruption dynamics, and a broad range of magmatic processes, so predicting it as a function of temperature, composition, and dissolved water content is central to physical volcanology. Yet no freely accessible tool integrates global machine-learning predictions, physically motivated viscosity equations, and composition-specific models [...]
Stabilizing seismic source inversion by accounting for P-wave picking uncertainty: A waveform-shift covariance approach
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In seismic source inversion using teleseismic P waves, P-wave arrival times are picked from observed waveforms and used to adjust their timing relative to the predicted arrivals. However, uncertainty in the picked arrival times remains after this correction. Picking errors shift the entire waveform and produce temporally correlated waveform errors. If these errors are not properly accounted for, [...]
Role of Topo-Climatic Factors in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Machine Learning Perspective
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering
With the rapid growth of machine learning (ML) applications in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM), many studies have relied on large and diverse datasets to improve predictive performance. However, in data-scarce regions, model transferability becomes challenging, and not all input variables contribute meaningful information to landslide prediction, leading to the well-known problem of [...]