Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
Development of a Combined Detection and Relocation Workflow (TM2DD) to Characterize Escalating Hydraulic Fracturing Induced Seismicity in the Karnes Trough Fault Zone of the Eagle Ford Shale Play, Texas
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
On January 30, 2025, an M4.7 earthquake shook the Eagle Ford Shale, Texas, the region's second M4 event in under eighteen months. Unlike much of the central United States, where induced seismicity stems from wastewater disposal, most of the earthquakes in the Eagle Ford are linked to hydraulic fracturing (HF) (Fasola et al., 2019; Fasola & Brudzinski, 2023). If HF-induced, the 2025 event [...]
Polymineralic synneusis in silicic magmas: Evidence from the microstructures and orientation relationships of inclusions in K-feldspar megacrysts
Published: 2026-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Crystal aggregation via synneusis is well-documented in many common igneous minerals, such as quartz and olivine. Synneusis is typically described as a monomineralic process whereby two crystals of the same mineral adhere in specific low-energy orientation relationships. In contrast, unlike minerals are generally assumed to be antipathetic. Nonetheless, the occurrence of polymineralic synneusis [...]
An unprecedented Mediterranean tropical cyclogenesis attempt above extreme sea surface temperatures?
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
On 3-4 October 2026, a strong and organized mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed over the Balearic Sea in the Western Mediterranean, and produced torrential rainfall in the Barcelona area, with up to 248 mm at Granollers (230 mm in 8 hours; 65 mm in an hour). The event occurred without discernible large-scale forcing from an upper-level cut-off low or trough, while western Mediterranean [...]
From rifting to collision: deep closure of a Wilson cycle during the Archean–Paleoproterozoic transition at the Carajás-Bacajá boundary, Amazonian Craton
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The Carajás-Bacajá boundary preserves complementary archives of continental rifting, passive-margin development, subduction, collision and post-collisional exhumation across the Archean-Paleoproterozoic transition. We present whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Sm-Nd isotopes, U-Pb zircon geochronology and thermobarometry from the Vila Santa Fé-Rio Preto association, a mafic-felsic granulitic [...]
Structural Geothermal Plays in the Lower Carboniferous Limestone, East Midlands, UK: Insights from Legacy Geophysical Data
Published: 2026-10-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lower Carboniferous Limestone (LCL) is a promising geothermal target in Britain, but uncertainty in subsurface structure and permeability limits resource assessment. Here, we use the Welton area of the East Midlands, where legacy hydrocarbon exploration data provide detailed subsurface coverage, to investigate the controls on LCL geothermal prospectivity. We integrate 3D seismic reflection, well, [...]
Fertile or Barren: an open benchmark for testing geochemical fertility indices on mineralized and barren mafic-ultramafic intrusions.
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits form through a sequence of processes (e.g., magma generation, transport, crustal interaction, sulfur saturation, and sulfide accumulation). These processes can modify whole-rock compositions in different ways, making it challenging to evaluate the geochemical fertility of mafic-ultramafic magmatic intrusions. Several whole-rock fertility indices have been [...]
Predictive modeling of microbial biomineralization across scales
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microorganisms influence mineral formation and transformation in natural and engineered environments, with consequences for element cycling, contaminant mobility, and mineral records. Predicting these processes remains difficult because microbial activity, local aqueous chemistry, interfacial reactions, and mineral formation operate across different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review [...]
Settling-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a pre-existing turbulent field
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Vertical particle transport controls environmental processes ranging from sediment deposition and the export of organic material and microplastics to the fate of minerals released for carbon dioxide removal. When a particle-laden layer overlies denser water, particles destabilize the interface and descend collectively as convective plumes, far faster than individual settling. Yet this mechanism [...]
Insights into magmatic processes at Shishaldin Volcano based on satellite and airborne volcanic gas measurements and magma degassing models
Published: 2026-10-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shishaldin Volcano is a remote and frequently active basaltic volcano with eruptions in 2019–2020 and 2023 that exhibited notable variations in monitoring signals and explosivity. Here we combine complementary ultraviolet (TROPOMI) and infrared (IASI) satellite SO2 observations with airborne gas measurements, petrologic constraints, and degassing models to investigate magma degassing processes [...]
Self-Calibration of the Breaker Index from Fixed-Camera Wave Heights
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Engineering
Depth inversions from breaking waves usually assume a breaker index γ, the ratio of breaking height to water depth. Where breaking is depth-limited, the height at a fixed location rises and falls with the tide at the rate γ. Breaking waves tracked in video from fixed coastal cameras therefore can give the index from this tide response and the depth from the mean breaking height, with no survey, [...]
The discovery of moderate non-linear surprises in CMIP6 models
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
This study presents an automated algorithm for detecting Moderate Non-linear Surprises (MNS) in the outputs of climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), building upon and relaxing existing methodologies for detection of critical transitions in climate models. The approach combines four statistical criteria — standard deviation, maximum 10-year [...]
Contrasting Coal Power Trajectories in Southern Africa: Compound Air Pollution, Extreme Heat Exposures and the 2023 Hwange Expansion
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Public Health
Coal-fired power generation is declining at many established sites in South Africa, while new capacity is being commissioned in drought-exposed parts of the Zambezi basin. This uneven transition raises concerns about the coincidence of industrial emissions, extreme heat and socioeconomic vulnerability. We assessed compound air-pollution and heat risk around coal power plants in Zimbabwe, Botswana [...]
Unified Explanation of Long-Period Ground Motion Using the Basin Sloshing Index (BSI): A Dimensionless Analysis of Large-Scale Sloshing Phenomena in Sedimentary Basins
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study introduces a new dimensionless index, the Basin Sloshing Index (BSI), to provide a unified explanation for long-period ground motion and persistent shaking observed in large sedimentary basins. Inspired by fluid sloshing dynamics, BSI is defined using three fundamental parameters—the basin scale L, seismic wavelength λ, and attenuation factor Q —and takes the simplified [...]
NepalDTM: A National 8-Metre Bare-Earth Digital Terrain Model of Nepal from Multi-Source Satellite Data Fusion
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
NepalDTM is an open bare-earth elevation model of Nepal stored on an 8 m grid. Where the NASA High Mountain Asia 8 m stereo mosaic has a usable height, that mosaic is the surface. Elsewhere the surface is Copernicus GLO-30. A histogram gradient-boosting model, trained on 6,230,548 ICESat-2 points and 7,035,904 GEDI points, predicts how far the surface sits above the ground and subtracts that [...]
Energy and environmental impacts of rapid data-center expansion in the United Arab Emirates
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) is driving major data-center expansion globally, increasing demand on electric power and water-supply systems. Yet the energy and environmental implications of this growth remain comparatively understudied in hot, water-scarce regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where announced developments coincide with high cooling requirements, [...]