Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
Efficient Uncertainty Quantification for Marine CSEM via Swi-DREI: A Physics-Driven Deep Reparameterization Ensemble Approach with Implicit Regularization
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) method serves as a pivotal geophysical tool for characterizing deep-sea hydrocarbon reservoirs or gas hydrates. However, restricted by the exponential decay of EM fields in conductive media and the spatial incompleteness of data acquisition systems, the inverse problem faces challenges of severe non-linearity and non-uniqueness. This study develops [...]
Historical distribution of managed honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in 18th-century Spain: A standardized dataset (v1: Cáceres)
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Agriculture, Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
This data descriptor presents a standardized, geographically harmonized dataset of managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the current province of Cáceres (Spain) during the mid-18th century (1750–1754). Data was extracted from the Ensenada Cadastre primary manuscript sources. The dataset encompasses 207 Local Administrative Units (LAU) and records a minimum threshold of 165,387 managed [...]
Beyond the SCL: threshold optimization of Cloud Probability and Cloud Score+ for cloud and shadow masking in Sentinel-2 imagery using CloudSEN12
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing
Cloud and cloud shadow contamination remains a major source of uncertainty in Sentinel-2 imagery. The native Scene Classification Layer (SCL) frequently exhibits high omission errors and offers no threshold flexibility, whereas Cloud Probability (CP) and Cloud Score+ (CS+) provide continuous, user-adjustable scores. However, no consensus exists on their optimal thresholds, and their capacity for [...]
Data-driven High-Frequency Mass Change Models from GRACE Ranging Residuals
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Glaciology, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a fully data-driven framework for transforming residual K-band range-rate (KBRR) data from GRACE into 5-day mass change models expressed in Equivalent Water Height (EWH). The approach first derives residual range and Line-of-Sight Gravity Differences (LGDs) from monthly post-fit residual range-rates and combines them with 5-day post-fit residuals. A hybrid formulation, merging LGD- and [...]
Seismic Discrimination of Natural and Anthropogenic Events Near Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Distinguishing small earthquakes from anthropogenic seismic sources is important for accurate fault characterization and seismic hazard assessment, yet remains challenging in regions with sparse seismic networks and frequent quarry activities. Around Atlanta, Georgia, only a small number of local natural earthquakes and one operator-confirmed quarry blast in July 2026 are reported in regional [...]
Sampling Uncertainty is Critical for Setting Forecast-Based Anticipatory Action Triggers
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Risk Analysis
As of 2022, nearly 5 million smallholder farmers across more than a dozen countries are covered by Anticipatory Action (AA) programs. AA programs are aid schemes triggered when seasonal forecasts of precipitation fall below a locally-determined drought threshold. These thresholds are generally calculated to meet a donor- or government-specified expected trigger frequency. However, the [...]
New Scalar Measures of Geodetic Strain and Moment Rate from Kinematic Mode Decomposition: Application to the Southwestern United States
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Scalar representations of geodetic strain rate tensors are widely used to characterize crustal deformation and, in seismic hazard assessment, to convert strain rate to expected seismic moment rate. Existing scalar definitions of shear strain rate, total strain rate and deformation style are not defined consistently and, because they depend on eigenvalues that carry both dilatation and shear, [...]
Laboratory Spectroradiometric Temperature Retrieval of Silicates Using Linearized Wien Approximations and Polynomial Regression
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics
Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing provides critical diagnostic capabilities for surface temperature and spectral emissivity retrieval. However, extracting these parameters from at-target radiance measurements is fundamentally ill-posed because Planck's radiation law non-linearly couples kinetic temperature and spectral emissivity, creating an underdetermined system of N spectral bands with [...]
Instantaneous State InSAR: Smoothness Doublet and Ambiguity Resolution
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Engineering
Instantaneous state InSAR (ISI) enables epoch-wise parameterization, estimation and prediction for the dynamic motion of individual scatterers in near real-time displacement monitoring. Yet, it introduces a coupling problem: the state prediction (time-update) and the integer ambiguity resolution of double difference phase (measurement-update) depend on each other in a recursive loop. An [...]
Do 3D Dynamic Rupture Models Capture the Variability in Long-Period Velocity Pulses? Insights from the 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Capturing ground motion variability, especially in near-fault long-period velocity pulses, is a key challenge for seismic hazard assessment. Observations from the 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake reveal substantial variability in the near-fault pulses’ orientation, period, and amplitude. Physics-based dynamic rupture simulations provide a unique framework for investigating the [...]
A National Screening Framework for Critical Mineral Potential and Heavy Metal Hazard in U.S. Mine Waste
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resource Economics, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Earth Sciences
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI) Version 2.0 provides the first comprehensive national database of mine-waste features across the United States, but it does not directly evaluate their critical-mineral potential or environmental hazard. We linked 1,498 tailings, waste-rock, leach, and slag features at 343 sites to nearby public geochemical observations from [...]
Meteorological associations of hourly PM₂.₅ in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau: antecedent weather, trend specification and out-of-sample evaluation
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Statistical models that relate PM₂.₅ to meteorology are widely used to separate weather from emission effects, but they are rarely evaluated out of sample in clean, high-altitude cities, and the role of their trend term is seldom examined. This study fitted penalized additive spline models to hourly city-average PM₂.₅ in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau (about 3,650 m a.s.l.), for 2019–2024 (51,955 valid [...]
How Greenland melts under cloudy and clear skies
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Power and Energy, Systems and Communications
Greenland ice loss has risen sharply since industrialization and will likely contribute 20 cm to sea level rise before 2100. On the highest emissions pathway the ice sheet could melt by the year 3000, submerging coasts by 7.2 meters. Greenland surface melt now dominates cryospheric mass loss. To constrain the driving processes of this melt, here we present high-fidelity surface observations of [...]
The width beyond a static arrest point predicts which static arrests span the fault
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Population models treat a static arrest as the end of the rupture, although some of those arrests span the fault in a fully dynamic calculation. This paper tests whether the static crack itself shows which ones. A static stress-intensity criterion and a fully dynamic rupture were compared on 180 new random stress fields on one 120 km antiplane fault with linear slip weakening. The predictor is [...]
The Invisible Depletion: Compound Drought, Groundwater Collapse, and Maladaptation in the Middle East and Southwest Asia
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
The Middle East and Southwest Asia (MESWA) region is experiencing severe hydro-climatic non-stationarity, transitioning from cyclical precipitation deficits and surpluses to a state of structural water bankruptcy. This review synthesizes the compounding atmospheric and anthropogenic drivers of this crisis, highlighting the region’s shift towards a regime defined by frequent, concurrent extremes [...]