Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
Transition from buoyancy-driven to shear-driven melting in a buoyant plume at a vertical ice face
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Melting of a vertical ice face in otherwise quiescent saline water generates a buoyant plume that rises along the ice. Heat and salt transfer through the thin near-wall boundary layers controls the melt rate and must be parameterized in models that do not resolve these layers. In plume models, the three-equation framework of Holland \& Jenkins (1999) is commonly coupled to transfer laws based [...]
Coastal Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Engineering, Nature-Based, Governance, and Socio-Economic Adaptation Strategies
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability
Adaptation is becoming a key part of climate policies, including the Paris Agreement, for coastal areas, which host a large proportion of the world's population. Coastal areas are prone to intensive urbanization and tourism, which can exacerbate the threats of sea-level rise, storm intensification, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. Existing reviews have examined engineering, ecological, [...]
antasena: A Python Library for Nitrox Diving Calculations
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Dynamic Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography
We present antasena, an open-source Python library for calculations that underlie diving with nitrox, oxygen-nitrogen mixtures richer in oxygen than air. It computes depth limits, equivalent depths, inert-gas uptake, no-decompression limits, staged decompression schedules, central-nervous-system and pulmonary oxygen exposure, real-gas cylinder contents, and partial-pressure blending, and its [...]
Contour-crossing calculations quantify decadal changes in the pCO2 impacts of inorganic chemical weathering in the North American Arctic
Published: 2026-10-25
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Degradation of Arctic permafrost is altering biogeochemical dynamics by exposing previously frozen sediment to water, acids, and oxidants. While thaw-driven enhancement of carbonate and silicate mineral weathering results in drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2), acting as a negative feedback on modern climate change, enhancement of sulfide mineral oxidation increases pCO2 and acts as a [...]
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STREAM SEDIMENTS IN PART OF GIDA KWANO CAMPUS, FUT, MINNA (ZUNGERU SHEET 163SE)
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This geochemical study analyzes ten stream sediment samples from the Gidan Kwano area in Minna (Zungeru Sheet 163SE), located in North-Central Nigeria, to evaluate the region's geological history, mineral potential, and environmental characteristics. Geological mapping identified three distinct rock units: granite, granitoid, and diorite. Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the study [...]
The south-verging Isortoq Nappe of Baffin Island, Canada: implications on the framework of the northeastern Trans-Hudson Orogen
Published: 2022-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Isortoq Shear Zone (ISZ), a 100km-scale structure in northern Baffin Island, was originally identified through the interpretation of regional geophysical surveys. In the field the ISZ is cryptic, and its significance ambiguous with respect to the regional structural framework of northern Baffin Island. Mapping along the ISZ and within the spatially associated Archean Isortoq and Eqe Bay [...]
SCI-DEM: A Method for Generating Digital Beach Surfaces from Tide and Waterline Timeseries
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Oceanography
We present SCI-DEM, a method for deriving Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of intertidal beach surfaces, profiles and beach widths from time-series waterlines using low-cost coastal CCTV cameras and modelled water levels. SCI-DEM builds on two established components: a waterline extraction method built on a semantic segmentation model, and a camera-pose-estimated homography, used to georeference [...]
Decompression, self-leveling, and wobble decay of bubble rings released by scuba divers
Published: 2026-10-28
Subjects: Dynamic Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Ordinary Differential Equations and Applied Dynamics
Scuba divers blow bubble rings, hollow vortex rings with a gas core that expands as the ring rises because the water pressure drops with every meter of ascent. Classical theory keeps the gas volume fixed and treats only level rings, and the one earlier estimate of the expansion, for a laboratory tank, found it small. Here the ring is modeled as a thin hollow vortex ring with a core that obeys [...]
Treatment of Contaminated Water from the Oil Industry Using Electrocoagulation: A Bibliometric Analysis
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Engineering
This review article presents a bibliometric analysis aimed at examining recent advances in the treatment of contaminated water from the oil industry using electrocoagulation (EC), evaluating the operational parameters that influence removal efficiency. A bibliometric analysis and a systematic review were conducted on 80 experimental articles (2021–2026) retrieved from Scopus. VOSviewer (threshold [...]
Historical and projected freshwater withdrawals and irrigation consumptive use for Arizona, 1896–2099
Published: 2026-10-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
Sustainable water management needs spatially resolved withdrawal estimates, yet such data remain scarce worldwide. In Arizona, USA, decades of aquifer overdraft and Colorado River over-allocation have outpaced local withdrawal data, constraining policymaking. We present annual freshwater withdrawal and irrigation consumptive use estimates for Arizona at 2 km resolution over 1896–2099, partitioned [...]
Protracted Dyking of High-Viscosity Magma into Near-Solidus Rock at Casiri, Peru
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dykes are a key mechanism for material transport within volcanic arcs and typically propagate over days to months. We document an unusually slow dyking episode in the arc of southern Peru that lasted for 1.5 years. The dyke opened up to 0.5 m from 2-8 km depth and was coupled with inflation of an underlying arc-parallel magma reservoir. To reconcile the slow opening of such a thin dyke with [...]
A scoping review of spatiotemporal ConvLSTM applications for predicting water balance components
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Engineering
Deep learning is renewing computational hydrology as satellite and gridded datasets supply the spatially distributed inputs these models require. Among these approaches, the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) network has gained considerable attention for its ability to learn spatial and temporal dependencies simultaneously, a feature particularly valuable for accurately predicting [...]
Review of deep learning for tree species identification from high-resolution remote sensing imagery
Published: 2026-03-20
Subjects: Forest Management, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Tree species information is essential for monitoring forest composition, carbon storage, biodiversity, and resilience to environmental change, but remains largely available only at local scales. Centimeter-resolution remotely sensed imagery and deep learning are shifting species mapping from stands to individual tree crowns, yet the diversity of tree species, data, and methods has fragmented this [...]
Geodetic and gravimetric constraints on regional glacier mass changes in High Mountain Asia
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology
Regional glacier assessments often require mass-change estimates over periods that differ from the intervals measured geodetically. We quantify how native cumulative-mass adjustments and within-interval variation contribute to the regional estimates obtained by adding GRACE. A linear joint inversion represents glacier, lake, non-glacier and exterior mass across High Mountain Asia. Geodetic-only, [...]
Surface signatures of surge dynamics over six decades at Tweedsmuir Glacier, Saint Elias Mountains, Canada
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The dynamically driven advance and retreat of surge-type glaciers shapes surrounding ecosystems and landscapes differently from non-surging glaciers; however, the diversity in surge behaviour, even among neighbouring glaciers, makes them challenging to predict. Here, we reconstruct the six-decade surge history of Tweedsmuir Glacier in the Saint Elias Mountains, capturing two surge cycles. We use [...]