Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
Soil Carbon Stocks and Radiocarbon Profiles in Three Agricultural Systems of California’s Central Valley
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Soil Science
Carbon stocks alone do not describe the age composition of soil carbon. We examined how soil carbon stocks and bulk radiocarbon varied with depth among fields with contrasting management histories in California's Central Valley. We compared monoculture and polyculture annual vegetable fields, 20- and 60-year-old peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchards, and a bare field margin with 10- and [...]
Same computation, different scenes: a single-site comparison of Sentinel-2 L2A composites from Google Earth Engine and Microsoft Planetary Computer
Published: 2026-10-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Microsoft Planetary Computer (MPC) distribute Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance, and their outputs can be combined in one time series. Over a 73 ha cattle farm in northern Colombia, we tested whether the two platforms yield the same parcel-scale vegetation and water indices and, where they differ, whether the difference originates in the product (the L2A [...]
Critical mineral pathfinder targeting in the Aravalli basement (northwest India) calibrated against age and tectonically-matched Western Australian analogues using the AuScope EarthBank platform
Published: 2026-09-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Critical mineral element fingerprints established in Australian regional geochemistry could accelerate exploration in geologically comparable but less-characterised terranes of north-west India, provided that a defensible basis for comparison can be established. We present a drainage-based method for identifying age and tectonically-matched Australian analogues for north-west Indian [...]
Lab-based X-ray imaging for accurate seismic velocity measurements at high pressure
Published: 2026-09-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mineral Physics
A novel approach for accurately measuring the compressional (P) and shear-wave (S) velocities of materials at high pressure is demonstrated up to ~6 GPa using a Paris-Edinburgh press. Typically, accurate ultrasonic velocity measurements at high pressure require synchrotron facilities to image the sample length in-situ and to determine the internal cell pressure using X-ray diffraction from an [...]
Particle morphology and electrostatic screening shape salinity-dependent flocculation and settling of fine blasted tunnel sediments
Published: 2026-09-17
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Rock-blasted fine-grained sediments generated during tunnel excavation may enter receiving waters that range from freshwater to marine conditions. Yet the combined roles of primary-particle morphology and salinity-dependent electrostatic interactions in their settling remain poorly understood. In this work, fine sediments from five Norwegian tunnel construction sites were investigated using [...]
Multi-site evaluation of an improved SIF-based model for estimating canopy GPP
Published: 2026-10-01
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Physiology, Plant Sciences
Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) offers a promising path to quantify gross primary productivity (GPP) across spatiotemporal scales. Recent studies have demonstrated the applicability of the SIF-based mechanistic light response (qMLR-SIF) model for estimating canopy GPP. However, the inadequate simulation of the key parameter qL (the fraction of open photosystem II reaction centers) [...]
Geometrical Assessment of Climate Models in the Drake Passage Using Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Drake Passage is a narrow and unusually energetic ocean-atmosphere corridor, making it a useful region for testing whether climate products that agree in conventional statistics also organize their variability in comparable ways. We compare ERA5, CESM2, and ICON-ESM-LR over their strictly common historical period, 1979-2014 (432 months), using multivariate singular spectrum analysis (M-SSA) [...]
The four-vector potential of equatorial shallow water waves from Hamilton’s principle
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Linear shallow water waves on an equatorial β-plane can be represented as the states of a charged particle minimally coupled to a four-vector potential whose analogue magnetic field is uniform and proportional to β/c_g. There the potential is written down and verified rather than derived. We show that it need not be assumed. In the Eulerian variational principle for rotating flow the Coriolis [...]
Marine Geohazards and Geo-Engineering Constraints on the Glaciated European Margins
Published: 2025-05-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The glaciated European continental margins (spanning 49-82°N and 16°W-36°E) are home to a thriving offshore energy sector and densely inhabited coastal areas. These regions face numerous marine geohazards and geo-engineering challenges due to complex subsurface conditions shaped by large-scale geological and climate processes. The geological complexity of this area is among the highest globally, [...]
Causal Analysis of Key Factors Enhancing Drought Resilience through Water Management: A Hybrid Content Analysis, Fuzzy Delphi, and DEMATEL Approach
Published: 2026-09-07
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
This study aims to identify and analyze the key factors affecting drought resilience through water management and to examine the causal relationships among them. A mixed-methods sequential design was applied. First, a meta-synthesis and content analysis of studies published between 2005 and 2025 identified the main resilience factors. Then, the fuzzy Delphi method validated these factors through [...]
Cooling after net zero
Published: 2025-05-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Climate policy aims to limit global warming by achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Climate models indicate that achieving net-zero emissions yields a nearly constant global temperature over the following decades. However, whether temperatures remain stable in the centuries after net-zero emissions is uncertain, as models produce conflicting results. Here, we explain how this disagreement [...]
Causal Network Analysis of Heavy Snowfall Systems: North American Great Lakes vs. Sea of Japan Coast
Published: 2026-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study conducts a hydro-climatic comparative analysis of two regions prone to heavy urban snowfall: the eastern shores of the North American Great Lakes (Lake-Effect Snow: LES) and the coast of the Sea of Japan (Sea-Effect Snow: SES). We introduce a quantitative metric—water vapor conversion efficiency (η= snowfall amount /PW)—and apply a data-driven causal discovery framework (DirectLiNGAM). [...]
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems are missing from global research and policy agendas
Published: 2026-09-22
Subjects: Hydrology, Sustainability, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Water Resource Management
A groundwater-dependent ecosystem (GDE) can be a stream or wetland sustained by groundwater, a terrestrial ecosystem that relies on groundwater for root water uptake, or the biodiversity that lives within aquifers. These ecosystems perform hydrological, ecological, and climate functions, and are meaningful to people through recreational, spiritual, and cultural practices. Traditionally studied at [...]
Fossil fuels dominate future warming but not the past or present
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fossil fuels have long been considered the primary driver of global warming, but this claim has not been rigorously demonstrated. Here, we quantify the impact of fossil fuels on historical warming with an ensemble of climate emulators that account for aerosol cooling and other key uncertainties. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that the majority of present-day anthropogenic warming likely [...]
A rheology for temperate ice in glaciers (RTIG) based on borehole deformation experiments
Published: 2026-10-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The rheology of temperate glacier ice, which contains small amounts of liquid water, largely controls the fast dynamics of glaciers and polar ice streams. Recent laboratory experiments suggest a constant-viscosity ice rheology when the water content between ice grains exceeds 0.6%. Such a linear flow law, where the deformation rate is proportional to the applied stress, is in contrast to the [...]