Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Understanding Low Cloud Mesoscale Morphology with an Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Network
Published: 2019-06-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Computer Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a class of machine learning algorithms with two neural networks, one generator and one discriminator, playing adversarial games with each other. Information maximizing GANs (InfoGANs) is a particular GAN type that tries to maximize mutual information between a subset of latent variables and generated samples, thereby establishing a mapping between the [...]
A Stella® version of the Arctic Mediterranean Double Estuarine Circulation model: SAMDEC v1.0
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Arctic Mediterranean can be described as a double estuarine circulation regime. This observed circulation feature, which connects the North Atlantic to the Arctic Ocean, is composed of two interconnected branches of circulation: an overturning circulation, where dense water formed in the Nordic Seas returns toward the Atlantic and an estuarine circulation, where the East Greenland Current [...]
Teleseisms and Microseisms on an Ocean-Bottom Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sparse seismic instrumentation in the oceans limits our understanding of deep Earth dynamics and submarine earthquakes. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), an emerging technology that converts optical fiber to seismic sensors, allows us to leverage pre-existing submarine telecommunication cables for seismic monitoring. Here we report observations of microseism, local surface gravity waves, and a [...]
Effect of solution chemistry on the iodine release from iodoapatite in aqueous environments
Published: 2019-05-24
Subjects: Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Materials Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
To ensure the safe disposal of nuclear waste, understanding the release process of radionuclides retained in the nuclear waste forms is of vital importance. Iodoapatite Pb9.85(VO4)6I1.7, a potential waste form for iodine-129, was selected as a model system for ceramic waste forms in this study to understand the effect of aqueous species on iodine release. Semi-dynamic leaching tests were [...]
Dark carbon fixation contributes to sedimentary organic carbon in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone
Published: 2019-05-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In response to rising CO2 concentrations and increasing global sea surface temperatures, oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), or “dead zones”, are expected to expand. OMZs are fueled by high primary productivity, resulting in enhanced biological oxygen demand at depth, subsequent oxygen depletion, and attenuation of remineralization. This results in the deposition of organic carbon-rich sediments. Carbon [...]
Investigation of the Likelihood of Green Infrastructure (GI) Enhancement along Linear Waterways or on Derelict Sites (DS) Using Machine Learning.
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Studies evaluating potential of Green Infrastructure (GI) development using traditional Boolean logic-based multi-criteria analysis methods are not capable of predicting future GI development under dynamic urban scape. This study evaluated robust soft-computing-based methods of artificial intelligence (Artificial Neural Network, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface-System) and used statistical [...]
On the stability of deep-seated landslides. The cases of Vaiont (Italy) and Shuping (Three Gorges Dam, China)
Published: 2019-05-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep-seated catastrophic landslides are among the most powerful natural hazards on earth. These devastating events are not possible to be prevented yet, because of their large volumes and sudden acceleration phase. The present study suggests a new method to detect when a landslide will turn unstable, giving both a time-window to evacuate the area that is going to be affected and critical values [...]
Well-being loss: a comprehensive metric for household disaster resilience
Published: 2019-05-17
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Studies, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Natural disaster risk assessments typically consider environmental hazard and physical damage, neglecting to quantify how asset losses affect households’ well-being. However, for a given asset loss, a wealthy household might easily recover, while a poor household might suffer from major, long-lasting impacts. Ignoring such differential impacts can lead to inequitable interventions and exacerbate [...]
Pleistocene coastal evolution in the Makran subduction zone
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Along the coast of the Makran subduction zone (SE Iran and SW Pakistan), active uplift combined with efficient erosion and vigorous sediment transport have led to marine terraces with unique morphology and sedimentology. These terraces are characterized by the systematic presence of an extensive 1–10Cm thick sandstone layer capping their wave-cut base. Our investigation of thirty-six sedimentary [...]
Extension at the coast of the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
In the Makran subduction zone, earthquake focal mechanisms and geodetic data indicate that the deforming prism currently experiences N-S compression. However, paleostress inversions performed on normal faults observed along the coast reveal local stress components consistent with N-S extension. Previously proposed mechanisms such as gravitational collapse are not in line with N-S compression and [...]
Representation of European hydroclimatic patterns with Self-Organizing Maps
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Sciences
Self-Organizing Maps provide a powerful, non-linear technique of dimensionality reduction that can be used to identify clusters with similar attributes. Here, they were constructed from a 1000-year-long gridded palaeoclimatic dataset, namely the Old World Drought Atlas, to detect regions of homogeneous hydroclimatic variability across the European continent. A classification scheme of 10 regions [...]
Forced folding and fracturing induced by differential compaction during post-depositional inflation of sandbodies: insights from numerical modelling
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three series of numerical models based on the discrete element method were constructed to simulate forced folding and fracturing triggered by postdepositional inflation of fludised sandbody. The models consist of numerous particles that have relatively low to high interparticle bonds to represent overburden sediments with a relatively low to high cohesion, and cohesionless, frictionless particles [...]
Low-temperature thermochronology as a control on vertical movements for semi-quantitative Source-to-Sink analysis: A case study for the Permian to Neogene of Morocco and surroundings
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continental passive margins and their hinterlands in the Atlantic realm are the locus of a significant amount of studies that evidence pre-, syn-, and post-rift episodic km-scale exhumation and burial episodes. We submit a 3-steps workflow to obtain 1) exhumation/burial rates, 2) eroded material flux, and 3) paleoreconstructions of source and sink domains. We apply this workflow in onshore [...]
A Novel Hybrid Finite Element-Spectral Boundary Integral Scheme for Modeling Earthquake Cycles: Application to Rate and State Faults with Low-Velocity Zones
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a novel hybrid finite element (FE) - spectral boundary integral (SBI) scheme that enables efficient simulation of earthquake cycles. This combined FE-SBI approach captures the benefits of finite elements in modelling problems with nonlinearities, as well as the computational superiority of SBI. The domain truncation enabled by this scheme allows us to utilize high-resolution finite [...]
Mechanisms of fault mirror formation and fault healing in carbonate rocks
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The development of smooth, mirror-like surfaces provides insight into the mechanical behaviour of crustal faults during the seismic cycle. To determine the thermo-chemical mechanisms of fault mirror formation, we investigated carbonate fault systems in seismically active areas of central Greece. Using multi-scale electron microscopy combined with Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we [...]