Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
The impact of intermittency on bed load sediment transport
Published: 2021-02-09
Subjects: Dynamical Systems, Geomorphology, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Sediment transport by wind or water near the threshold of grain motion is dominated by rare transport events. This intermittency makes it difficult to calibrate sediment transport laws, or to define an unambiguous threshold for grain entrainment, both of which are crucial for predicting sediment transport rates. We present a model that captures this intermittency and show that the noisy [...]
The influence of basin settings and flow properties on the dimensions of submarine lobe elements
Published: 2019-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Submarine lobes have been identified within various deep-water settings, including the basin-floor, the base of slope and the continental slope. Their dimensions and geometries are postulated to be controlled by the topographical configuration of the seabed, sediment supply system and slope maturity. While confinement has been suggested as a main control factor for lobe dimensions, it does not [...]
On the thermo-poro-mechanics of chemically active faults
Published: 2020-05-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shear zones in outcrops and core drillings on active faults commonly reveal two scales of localization, with centimeter to tens of meters thick deformation zones embedding much narrower zones of mm- to cm-scale. The narrow zones are often attributed to some form of fast instability such as earthquakes or slow slip events. Surprisingly, the double localisation phenomenon seem to be independent of [...]
An assessment of the wind influence in local inertial 1D hydrodynamic flow routing
Published: 2019-05-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
One-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic modeling studies generally do not take into account the influence of wind, although literature experiences demonstrate the importance of this information in some cases. In this context, the present work had the objective to investigate this matter further, studying the influence of wind on hydrodynamic 1D modeling results and proposing an abacus for the rapid [...]
Controls on structural styles and decoupling in stratigraphic sequences with double décollements during thin-skinned contractional tectonics: insights from numerical modelling
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Six series of particle-based numerical experiments were performed to simulate thin-skinned contractional tectonics in stratigraphic sequences with double décollements during horizontal shortening. The models were assigned with varying rock competence, depth and thickness of the upper décollement, which resulted in significantly different styles of deformation and decoupling characteristics above [...]
The Incredible Lightness of Water Vapor
Published: 2019-04-25
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The molar mass of water vapor is significantly less than that of dry air. This makes a moist parcel lighter than a dry parcel of the same temperature and pressure. This effect is referred to as the vapor buoyancy effect and has often been overlooked in climate studies. We propose that this effect increases Earths outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and stabilizes Earths climate. We illustrate this [...]
Overburden deformation induced by dyke-fed conical sandstone intrusions: insights from numerical experiments
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conical sandstone intrusions, as a distinct type of hydrocarbon reservoirs and carbon sequestration sites, remain poorly understood regarding their emplacement mechanics. Here, we report a numerical modelling study of conical sandstone intrusions using the two-dimensional discrete element method. We built simplified numerical models that contain bonded elastic particles with predefined mechanical [...]
Influence of nodular structures on fracture development in fine-grained rocks: numerical simulations based on the discrete element method
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Discrete element experiments were performed to simulate fracturing processes in nodule-bearing, fine-grained rocks. Two models that contain a collection of bonded circular particles were subjected to uniaxial compression to yield shortening and fracturing of the particle assembly. Model I with soft nodules produced incremental amount of microfractures within nodules during the early stage of [...]
Growing primordial continental crust self-consistently in global mantle convection models
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The majority of continental crust formed during the hotter Archean was composed of Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite (TTG) rocks. In contrast to the present-day loci of crust formation around subduction zones and intra-plate tectonic settings, TTGs are formed when hydrated basalt melts at garnet-amphibolite, granulite or eclogite facies conditions. Generating continental crust requires a two [...]
Revising Contemporary Heat Flux Estimates for the Lena River, Northern Eurasia
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Lena River heat flux affects the Laptev Sea hydrology. Published long-term estimates range from 14.0 to 15.7 EJ·a-1, based on data from Kyusyur, at the river outlet. A novel daily stream temperature (Tw) dataset was used to evaluate contemporary Lena R. heat flux, which is 16.4±2.7 EJ·a-1 (2002-2011), confirming upward trends in both Tw and water runoff. Our field data from Kyusyur, however, [...]
A new method to study inhomogeneities in climate records: Brownian Motion or Random Deviations?
Published: 2019-05-09
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Climate data is affected by inhomogeneities due to historical changes in the way the measurements were performed. Understanding these inhomogeneities is important for accurate estimates of long-term changes in the climate. These inhomogeneities are typically characterized by the number of breaks and the size of the jumps or the variance of the break signal, but a full characterization of the [...]
Fracturing and crystal plastic behaviour of garnet under seismic stress in the dry lower continental crust (Musgrave Ranges, Central Australia)
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Garnet is a high strength mineral compared to other common minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, in the felsic crust. In felsic mylonites, garnet typically occurs as porphyroclasts that mostly evade intracrystalline deformation, except under relatively high temperature conditions. The microstructure of garnet in felsic lower-crustal rocks of the Musgrave Ranges (Central Australia) records both [...]
Analysis of Persistence in the Flood Timing and the Role of Catchment Wetness on Flood Generation in a Large River Basin in India
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
This study contributes to the understanding of the timing of occurrence of floods and role of the catchment wetness in flood processes (i.e., magnitude and the timing of floods) over one of the largest tropical pluvial river basin system, Mahanadi, in India. Being located in the monsoon ‘core’ region (18° - 28° N latitude and 73° - 82° E longitude) and its proximity to Bay of Bengal, Mahanadi [...]
Complex earthquake behavior on simple faults
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
While power-law distributions in seismic moment and interevent times are ubiquitous in regional catalogs, the statistics of individual faults remains controversial. Continuum fault models typically produce characteristic earthquakes or a narrow range of sizes, leading to the view that the regional statistics originates from interaction of multiple faults. I present theoretical arguments and [...]
Trends of hydroclimatic intensity in Colombia
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Climate, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Water Resource Management
Prediction of changes in precipitation in upcoming years and decades caused by global climate change associated with the greenhouse effect, deforestation and other anthropic perturbations is a practical and scientific problem of high complexity and huge consequences. To advance toward this challenge we look at the daily historical record of all available rain gauges in Colombia to estimate an [...]