Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
On the automatic and a priori design of unstructured mesh resolution for coastal ocean circulation models
Published: 2019-05-11
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study investigates the design of unstructured mesh resolution and its impact on the modeling of barotropic tides along the United States East Coast and Gulf Coast (ECGC). A discrete representation of a computational ocean domain (mesh design) is necessary due to finite computational resources and an incomplete knowledge of the physical system (e.g., shoreline and seabed topography). The [...]
Global distribution of sediment-hosted metals controlled by craton edge stability
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sustainable development and the transition to a clean-energy economy drives ever-increasing demand for base metals, significantly outstripping the discovery rate of new deposits and necessitating dramatic improvements in exploration success. Rifting of the continents has formed widespread sedimentary basins, some of which contain large quantities of copper, lead and zinc. Despite over a century [...]
Shallow slow slip events along the Nankai Trough detected by the GNSS-A
Published: 2019-05-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Various slow earthquakes (SEQs), including tremors, very-low-frequency events, and slow slip events (SSEs), occur along megathrust zones. In a shallow plate boundary region, although many SEQs have been observed along pan-Pacific subduction zones, SSEs with a duration on the order of a year or with a large slip have not yet been detected due to difficulty in offshore observation. We try to [...]
Three Billion Year Secular Evolution of the Triple Oxygen Isotope Composition of Marine Chert
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 18O/16O ratios of ancient marine minerals show a puzzling increase over geologic time. Long-term changes in temperature, seawater 18O/16O ratios, and post-depositional overprinting can all explain this trend, but few tracers can distinguish between these scenarios. Here, we report high-precision 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios of cherts through 3.4 Ga of Earth′s history. We find that Phanerozoic [...]
Microstructural Constraints on Magmatic Mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi
Published: 2019-05-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Distorted olivines of enigmatic origin are ubiquitous in erupted products from a wide range of volcanic systems (e.g., Hawaiʻi, Iceland, Andes). Investigation of these features at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, using an integrative crystallographic and chemical approach places quantitative constraints on mush pile thicknesses. Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals that the microstructural [...]
Pre-existing intra-basement shear zones influence growth and geometry of non-colinear normal faults, western Utsira High–Heimdal Terrace, North Sea
Published: 2019-05-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Pre-existing intra-basement shear zones can induce mechanical and rheological heterogeneities that may influence rifting and the overall geometry of rift-related normal faults. However, the extent to which physical and kinematic interaction between pre-existing shear zones and younger rift faults control the growth of normal faults is less-well understood. Using 3D reflection seismic data from [...]
Holocene sedimentary record and coastal evolution in the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
The Makran coast displays evidence of surface uplift since at least the Late Pleistocene, but it remains uncertain whether this displacement is accommodated by creep on the subduction interface, or in a series of large earthquakes. Here, we address this problem by looking at the short term (Holocene) history of continental vertical displacements recorded in the geomorphology and sedimentary [...]
Dating and morpho-stratigraphy of uplifted marine terraces in the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Published: 2019-05-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The western part of the Makran subduction zone (Iran) is currently experiencing active surface uplift, as attested by the presence of emerged marine terraces along the coast. To better understand the uplift recorded by these terraces, we investigated seven localities along the Iranian Makran and we performed radiocarbon, 230Th/U and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the layers of [...]
A spatially resolved fluid-solid interaction model for dense granular packs/Soft-Sand.
Published: 2019-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fluid flow through dense granular packs or soft sands can be described as a Darcy s flow for low injection rates, as the friction between grain-grain and grain-walls dominate the solid system behaviour. For high injection rates, fluid forces can generate grain displacement forming flow channels or ``fractures, which in turn modify local properties within the system, such as permeability and [...]
A Sensitivity Analysis Approach to Identifying Drivers of Streamflow Hysteresis
Published: 2025-09-28
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
We study the critical interplay between streamflow hysteresis and local hydro-morphologic conditions. Hysteresis strength, which can lead to over 60% errors in discharge estimation with widely accepted monitoring methods, is primarily influenced by local characteristics such as bed slope, roughness, and event wave intensity. Our study used a 1D numerical model to highlight the hysteresis response [...]
Reduction of spatially structured errors in wide-swath altimetric satellite data using data assimilation
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission is a next generation satellite mission expected to provide a 2km-resolution observation of the sea surface height (SSH) on a two-dimensional swath. Processing SWOT data will be challenging, because of the large amount of data, the mismatch between high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution, and the observation errors. The present [...]
High temporal resolution of leaf area data improves empirical estimation of grain yield
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Agriculture, Life Sciences
Empirical yield estimation from satellite data has long lacked suitable combinations of spatial and temporal resolutions. Consequently, the selection of metrics, i.e., temporal descriptors that predict grain yield, has likely been driven by practicality and data availability rather than by systematic targetting of critically sensitive periods as suggested by knowledge of crop physiology. The [...]
Using a Superconducting Gravimeter in Support of Absolute Gravity Campaigning — A feasibility study
Published: 2019-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Life Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Preparing for joint analysis of absolute gravity (AG) campaigns, this report investigates whether a stationary superconducting gravimeter (SCG) can provide a long-term stable measurement of site-dependent perturbations that help in reduction to the local value of little-$g$ and its secular rate of change. The crucial element concerns the discrimination of instrumental drift components from trends [...]
Drainage rearrangement as a driver of geomorphological evolution during the Upper Pleistocene in a small tropical basin
Published: 2019-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The development of river networks in contexts where intense tectonic activity converges with great lithological variability, such as the Ocoa River Basin in the south of the Dominican Republic, usually hosts excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. This mechanism is defined as a transfer of part or all of a rivers flow to another river. According to the process involved, drainage [...]
Paleogeographic and Morphologic Reconstroction of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic Field
Published: 2019-05-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Technological advances of our modern society motivated an unprecedented necessity to find natural resources in the subsurface of our planet. The search for these valuable resources has revealed an unexpected number of ancient volcanoes buried and preserved within sedimentary basins globally. Continuous improvements in remote sensing techniques such as seismic reflection can provide a valid [...]