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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geochemistry

PyMelt: An extensible Python engine for mantle melting calculations

Simon Matthews, Kevin Wong, Matthew Lloyd Morgan Gleeson

Published: 2022-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology

Modelling the melting of Earth’s mantle is crucial for understanding the distribution of volcanic activity on Earth and for testing models of mantle convection and mantle lithological heterogeneity. PyMelt is a new open-source Python library for calculating the melting behaviour of multi-lithology mantle and can be used to predict a number of geophysical and petrological observations, including [...]

Macrostratigraphy of the Ediacaran System in North America

Daniel Christian Segessenman, Shanan E Peters

Published: 2022-02-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Paleontology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

Ediacaran sediments record the termination of Cryogenian ‘Snowball Earth’ glaciations, preserve the first occurrences of macroscopic metazoans, and contain one of the largest known negative δ13C excursions (the Shuram-Wonoka). The rock record for the transition between the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic in North America is also physically distinct, with much of the continent characterized by a wide [...]

The PATCH Lab: A database and workspace for Cenozoic terrestrial paleoclimate and environment reconstruction

Tyler Kukla, Jeremy K. C. Rugenstein, Elizabeth Driscoll, et al.

Published: 2022-02-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In the last two decades, analytical advances and a growing interest in relevant research questions has brought a rapid increase in the amount of stable isotope data used for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and environments. As the spatial and temporal resolution of proxy data continues to improve, the quantitative interpretation of these data is becoming increasingly common. These [...]

Powering Earth’s ancient dynamo with silicon precipitation

Alfred Wilson, Monica Pozzo, Dario Alfè, et al.

Published: 2022-01-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology

Earth's core has produced a global magnetic field for the last 4 Gyrs, presently sustained by inner core growth. Models of the core with high thermal conductivity suggest potentially insufficient power available for the geodynamo prior to inner core formation ~1 Ga. Precipitation of SiO2 from the liquid core might offer an alternative power source for the magnetic field before inner core [...]

Deep submarine infiltration of altered geothermal groundwater on the south Chilean Margin

Vincent J. Clementi, Yair Rosenthal, Samantha C. Bova, et al.

Published: 2022-01-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Hydrology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Submarine groundwater discharge is increasingly recognized as an important component of the oceanic geochemical budget, but knowledge of the distribution of this phenomenon is limited. To date, reports of meteoric inputs to marine sediments are typically limited to shallow shelf and coastal environments, whereas contributions of freshwater along deeper sections of tectonically active margins like [...]

Phanerozoic sedimentary cover history of the Hudson Platform: a heuristic modeling perspective

Kalin T. McDannell, Paul B. O'Sullivan, Kerry Gallagher, et al.

Published: 2022-01-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

Understanding the long-term erosion and burial history of cratons is challenging due to the incompleteness of the rock record. Low-temperature thermochronology is used to elucidate these surface histories by inverting thermochronological data for the time-temperature history and incorporating sparse constraints and other assumptions about the regional geologic evolution. However, imposing certain [...]

Explosive activity on Kīlauea’s Lower East Rift Zone fuelled by a volatile-rich, dacitic melt

Penny E Wieser, Marie Edmonds, Cheryl Gansecki, et al.

Published: 2022-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first two weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are [...]

Insights into Magma Storage Beneath a Frequently Erupting Arc Volcano (Villarrica, Chile) from Unsupervised Machine Learning Analysis of Mineral Compositions

Felix Boschetty, David Ferguson, Joaquín Cortés, et al.

Published: 2022-01-12
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology

A key method to investigate magma dynamics is the analysis of the crystal cargoes carried by erupted magmas. These cargoes may comprise crystals that crystallize in different parts of the magmatic system (throughout the crust) and/or different times. While an individual eruption likely provides a partial view of the sub-volcanic plumbing system, compiling data from multiple eruptions builds a [...]

The DIC carbon isotope evolutions during CO2 bubbling: implications for ocean acidification laboratory culture

Hongrui Zhang, Ismael Torres-Romero, Pien Anjewierden, et al.

Published: 2022-01-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry

Ocean acidification increases pCO2 and decreases pH of seawater and its impact on marine organisms has emerged as a key research focus. In addition to directly measured variables such as growth or calcification rate, stable isotopic tracers such as carbon isotopes have also been used to more completely understand the physiological processes contributing to the response of organisms to ocean [...]

Calibrating the temporal and spatial dynamics of the Ediacaran - Cambrian radiation of animals

Fred Toby Bowyer, Andrey Yu Zhuravlev, Rachel Wood, et al.

Published: 2021-12-31
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Paleontology, Stratigraphy

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, which incorporates the radiation of animals, lacks a robust global temporal and spatial framework, resulting in major uncertainty in the evolutionary dynamics of this critical radiation and its relationship to changes in palaeoenvironmental geochemistry. We first present a new δ13Ccarb composite reference curve for the Ediacaran Nama Group of southern Namibia, [...]

Copper availability governs nitrous oxide accumulation in wetland soils and stream sediments

Neha Sharma, Elaine D. Flynn, Jeffrey G. Catalano, et al.

Published: 2021-12-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geochemistry, Life Sciences

Denitrification is microbially-mediated through enzymes containing metal cofactors. Laboratory studies of pure cultures have highlighted that the availability of Cu, required for the multicopper enzyme nitrous oxide reductase, can limit N2O reduction. However, in natural aquatic systems, such as wetlands and hyporheic zones in stream beds, the role of Cu in controlling denitrification remains [...]

Thermochemical structure and evolution of cratonic lithosphere in central and southern Africa

Juan Carlos Afonso, Walid Ben Mansour, Suzanne Y O’Reilly, et al.

Published: 2021-12-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The thermochemical structure of the subcontinental mantle holds information on its origin and evolution that can inform energy and mineral exploration strategies, natural hazard mitigation and evolutionary models of the Earth. However, imaging the fine-scale thermochemical structure of continental lithosphere remains a major challenge. Here we combine multiple land and satellite datasets via [...]

Elevated Post K-Pg Export Productivity in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean

Christopher Michael Lowery, Timothy J Bralower

Published: 2021-12-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The global heterogeneity in export productivity after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction is well documented, with some sites showing no change on geologic timescales, some demonstrating sustained decline, and a few showing a somewhat surprising increase. However, observational data come from sites so widespread that a key outstanding question is the geographic scale of changes in [...]

Multi-proxy assessment of surface sediments using APPI-P FTICR-MS reveals a complex biogeochemical record along a salinity gradient in the Pearl River estuary and coastal South China Sea

Jagos Radovic, Wei Xie, Renzo Silva, et al.

Published: 2021-12-10
Subjects: Analytical Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Pearl River drains the second largest watershed in China, funnelling large amounts of freshwater and organic matter into the northern part of the South China Sea through an estuary characterized by pronounced biogeochemical gradients. In this study we analyzed organic extracts of surface sediments collected along land-sea transect that captures a transition from freshwater environment at the [...]

Catchment vegetation and erosion controls soil carbon cycling in south-eastern Australia during the last two Glacial-Interglacial cycles

Alexander Francke, Anthony Dosseto, Matt Forbes, et al.

Published: 2021-12-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Sedimentology

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