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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geochemistry

Machine learning thermobarometry and chemometry using amphibole and clinopyroxene: a window into the roots of an arc volcano (Mount Liamuiga, Saint Kitts)

Oliver John Higgins, Tom Sheldrake, Luca Caricchi

Published: 2021-07-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology

The physical and chemical properties of magma govern the eruptive style and behaviour of volcanoes. Many of these parameters are linked to the storage pressure and temperature of the erupted magma, and melt chemistry. However, reliable single-phase thermobarometers and chemometers which can recover this information, particularly using amphibole chemistry, remain elusive. We present a suite of [...]

Late Quaternary climatic histories from the Hermes Cave, Corinth Rift, Greece

Christos Pennos, Sofia Pechlivanidou, Sevasti Eleni Modestou, et al.

Published: 2021-06-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Speleology

The Greek peninsula is located at the crossroads of several major atmospheric circulation patterns and is consequently characterized by high variability in climatic conditions, making it an important location to examine past climate variability. Over the last decades, the focus of many studies in the region has been to unravel Holocene paleoclimatic oscillations and their impact on the [...]

Environmental variability at the margin of the South American Monsoon System recorded by a high-resolution sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil)

Bernd Zolitschka, An-Sheng Lee, Daniela Piraquive Bermúdez, et al.

Published: 2021-06-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Sedimentology

High-resolution geochemical and sedimentological data have been obtained for a lacustrine sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil). Four distinctly different depositional processes were determined: (1) Suspension fallout of fine-grained minerogenic particles transferred via fluvial activity dominates the Early Holocene and relates to open grassland in the catchment area; (2) Activation [...]

Bayesian population correlation: A probabilistic approach to inferring and comparing population distributions for detrital zircon ages

Alexander Robert Tye, Aaron Wolf, Nathan Niemi

Published: 2021-06-18
Subjects: Geochemistry, Probability, Statistical Methodology, Tectonics and Structure

Populations of detrital zircons are shaped by geologic factors such as sediment transport, erosion mechanisms, and the zircon fertility of source areas. Zircon U-Pb age datasets are influenced both by these geologic factors and by the statistical effects of sampling. Such statistical effects introduce significant uncertainty into the inference of parent population age distributions from detrital [...]

Geodynamic, geodetic, and seismic constraints favour deflated and dense-cored LLVPs

Fred Richards, Mark James Hoggard, Siavash Ghelichkhan, et al.

Published: 2021-06-18
Subjects: Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Two continent-sized features in the deep mantle, the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), influence Earth's supercontinent cycles, mantle plume generation, and its geochemical budget. Seismological advances have steadily improved LLVP imaging, but several fundamental questions remain unanswered, including: What is their vertical extent? And, are they purely thermal anomalies, or are they also [...]

Independent constraints on deep-sea temperatures across two early Eocene hyperthermals from clumped isotope thermometry

Tobias Agterhuis, Martin Ziegler, Lucas Joost Lourens

Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry

The early Eocene hothouse experienced the occurrence of transient global warming events, so-called hyperthermals. The deep ocean constitutes a stable and vast heat reservoir, and hence arguably provides a good estimate of the global mean climate state. However, available proxy deep-sea temperature reconstructions rely on uncertain assumptions of non-thermal influences associated with seawater [...]

Timing of Martian Core Formation from Models of Hf–W Evolution Coupled with N-body Simulations

Matthew C Brennan, Rebecca A Fischer, Francis Nimmo, et al.

Published: 2021-06-04
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences

Determining how and when Mars formed has been a long-standing challenge for planetary scientists. The size and orbit of Mars are difficult to reproduce in classical simulations of planetary accretion, and this has inspired models of inner solar system evolution that are tuned to produce Mars-like planets. However, such models are not always coupled to geochemical constraints. Analyses of Martian [...]

Exhuming the Canadian Shield: preliminary interpretations from low-temperature thermochronology and significance for the sedimentary succession of the Hudson Bay Basin

Kalin T. McDannell, Nicolas Pinet, Dale R. Issler

Published: 2021-05-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

The geological history of the Canadian Shield is difficult to constrain because the sedimentary record is missing in those areas where Precambrian basement is exposed at the surface. This study presents preliminary results and interpretations of new apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses to elucidate the low-temperature (< 120 °C) history across Canada. The AFT modelling of samples from Southampton [...]

Chromium evidence for protracted oxygenation during the Paleoproterozoic

Kaarel Mänd, Noah J. Planavsky, Susannah M Porter, et al.

Published: 2021-05-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology

It has commonly been proposed that the development of complex life—e.g., aerobic eukaryotes—coincided with atmospheric oxygenation. To test this hypothesis, we measured chromium-based oxygen proxies in a >2400-m core from the Onega Basin (NW-Russia), deposited ~2.1–2.0 billion years ago—closely preceding the first eukaryote fossils. Fractionated chromium isotopes are documented throughout the [...]

Nature and timing of anatectic event of the Hida Belt (Japan): Constraints from titanite geochemistry and U-Pb age of clinopyroxene-bearing leucogranite

Hironobu Harada, Tatsuki Tsujimori, Yoshiaki Kon, et al.

Published: 2021-05-17
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology

The Hida Belt, central Japan, is a continental fragment, which was once a part of the crustal basement of the East Asian continental margin. It consists mainly of Permo-Triassic granite-gneiss complexes with both syn-to-late-metamorphic migmatite or granite bodies. Clinopyroxene-bearing leucogranite, locally called as 'Inishi'-type migmatite, occurs characteristically in the migmatite zone [...]

Geochemical signatures of rare earth elements and yttrium in the vicinity of an ion-adsorption type deposit: roles of source sediment control

Haiyan Liu, Huaming Guo, Olivier Pourret, et al.

Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Geology, Hydrology

The elevated concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (REE+Y) in acid mine drainage (AMD) constitute an opportunity for REE+Y recovery. However, the source and control of REE+Y signatures in AMD remains uncertain. Water, rock, sediment and sludge samples were collected from an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area to investigate REE+Y concentration and fractionation patterns in [...]

Primordial and recycled sulfur sampled by the Iceland mantle plume

Eemu Ranta, Jóhann Gunnarsson-Robin, Sæmundur Ari Halldórsson, et al.

Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry

Stable sulfur isotope ratios of mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts (MORBs and OIBs) preserve unique information about early Earth processes and the long-term volatile cycles between Earth’s mantle and the surface. Icelandic basalts present ideal material to examine the oldest known terrestrial mantle reservoir, accessed through a deep-rooted mantle plume, but their multiple sulfur [...]

A re-examination of the mechanism of whiting events: A new role for diatoms in Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA)

Chloe Stanton, Julie Cosmidis, Lee Kump

Published: 2021-05-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Geochemistry, Life Sciences, Sedimentology

Whiting events – the episodic precipitation of fine-grained suspended calcium cabonates in the water column – have been documented across a variety of marine and lacustrine environments. Whitings likely are a major source of carbonate muds, a constituent of limestones, and important archives for geochemical proxies of Earth history. While several biological and physical mechanisms have been [...]

SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS FOR NATURAL DOLOMITE (0-200°C) THROUGH A GROUNDWATER-BASED APPROACH USING THE USGS PRODUCED WATER DATABASE

Hamish Robertson, Fiona Whitaker, Cathy Hollis, et al.

Published: 2021-05-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry

The calculation of a reliable temperature dependent dolomite solubility product constant (Ksp°−dol) has been the subject of much research over the last 70 years. This study evaluates log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) using PHREEQC (Pitzer approach) for a screened subset (n=11,480) of formation waters in the U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database V2 (PWGD), an extensive inventory of [...]

Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic granitoids in the Khangay–Khentey basin, Central Mongolia: Implication for the tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean margin

Ariuntsetseg Ganbat, Tatsuki Tsujimori, Laicheng Miao, et al.

Published: 2021-04-26
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology

The Mongol–Okhotsk Belt is the youngest segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, which is the venue of the massive juvenile crust emplacement, and it is formation and evolutions are still pending problems. This paper presents the first up-to-date U-Pb zircon ages, Hf-in-zircon isotope, geochemical and whole-rock Nd isotope data from igneous rocks of the Khangay–Khentey basin, Central Mongolia. [...]

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