Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Geochemistry
Rethinking Groundwater Age
Published: 2020-04-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ideas that old or “fossil” groundwater cannot be pumped sustainably, or that recently recharged groundwater is inherently sustainable are both mistaken. Both old and young groundwaters can be used in physically sustainable or unsustainable ways.
International disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community
Published: 2020-03-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Library and Information Science, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Soil Science, Speleology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Short communication on international disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community
On the potential of preprints in geochemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Library and Information Science, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Short communication on the use of preprint in geochemistry
Mechanistic insights into sulfur rich oil formation, relevant to geological carbon storage routes. A study using (+) APPI FTICR-MS analysis
Published: 2020-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sulfur incorporation into sedimentary organic matter has a key role in carbon preservation in the geosphere. Such processes can inform strategies for human timescale carbon storage to mitigate climate change impacts and thus more detailed knowledge of sulfur incorporation into biomass species is needed. Until recently, detailed chemical characterization of sulfurized organic matter was only [...]
Magma diversity reflects recharge regime and thermal structure of the crust
Published: 2020-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The chemistry of magmas erupted by volcanoes is a message from deep within the Earth’s crust, which if decrypted, can provide essential information on magmatic processes occurring at inaccessible depths. While some volcanoes are prone to erupt magmas of a wide compositional variety, others sample rather monotonous chemistries through time. Whether such differences are a consequence of physical [...]
Constraining mechanisms of quartz precipitation during silicification and chemical sedimentation in the in the ~2.7 Ga Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada
Published: 2020-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Silica-rich Precambrian rocks often preserve geochemical information and microfossil remnants from the early biosphere. Because these rocks are such critical geochemical and paleontological archives, we need robust tools to identify the chemical and physical conditions under which siliceous Precambrian rocks form, and determine how such information links to the specific depositional environment. [...]
Using computer-aided image processing to estimate chemical composition of igneous rocks: A potential tool for large-scale compositional mapping
Published: 2020-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Digital cameras, particularly on smartphones, have led to the proliferation of amateur photographers. Of interest here is the use of smartphone cameras to conduct rapid, low-cost compositional mapping of geologic bedrock, such as plutons and batholiths, in combination with chemical analyses of rocks in the laboratory. This paper discusses some of the challenges in geochemical mapping using image [...]
Chalcophile elements track the fate of sulfur at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i
Published: 2020-02-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Chalcophile element concentrations in melt inclusions and matrix glasses may be used to investigate low pressure degassing processes, as well as sulfide saturation during crustal fractionation, and mantle melting. Erupted products from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, record three stages of sulfide saturation (in the mantle, crust, and within lava lakes), separated by episodes of sulfide resorption [...]
Novel insights from Fe-isotopes into the lithological heterogeneity of Ocean Island Basalts and plume-influenced MORBs
Published: 2020-02-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The extent of lithological heterogeneity in the Earth’s convecting mantle is highly debated. Whilst the presence of pyroxenite in the mantle source regions of Ocean Island Basalts (OIBs) has traditionally been constrained using the minor-element chemistry of olivine phenocrysts, recent studies have shown that the Ni and Mn contents of primitive olivines are influenced by the conditions of mantle [...]
Integrating suspended sediment flux in large alluvial river channels: Application of a synoptic Rouse-based model to the Irrawaddy and Salween rivers
Published: 2020-02-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
A large portion of freshwater and sediment is exported to the ocean by a small number of major rivers. Many of these mega-rivers are subject to substantial anthropogenic pressures, which are having a major impact on water and sediment delivery to deltaic ecosystems. Due to hydrodynamic sorting, sediment grain size and composition varies strongly with depth and across the channel in large rivers, [...]
High Attenuation Recycled Materials as landfill liners (the HARM project) – A new concept for improved landfill liner design
Published: 2020-01-28
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Public Health, Soil Science
A new approach in landfill liner design which combines hydraulic containment of leachate with contaminant attenuation to improve the performance of these environmental control systems at landfills is described. The idea is to re-use readily available industrial waste residues (construction and biomass waste) as additives for natural clay liners, wherein the additives have specific properties [...]
Pleistocene - Holocene volcanism at the Karkar geothermal prospect, Armenia
Published: 2020-01-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Quaternary volcanic centres north of the Bitlis-Zagros suture in Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus represent both volcanic hazards and potential or actual geothermal energy resources. Such challenges and opportunities cannot be fully quantified without understanding these volcanoes’ petrogenesis, geochronology and magmatic, tectonic or other eruption triggers. In this preliminary study, we discuss [...]
The role of natural clays in the sustainability of landfill liners
Published: 2020-01-10
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Engineered synthetic liners on their own are not the ideal solution to protect land, water and living beings against landfill leachate pollution. Despite their impermeability, engineered liners are susceptible to fail during installation and after a few years of landfill operation, and have no attenuation properties. Conversely, natural clay liners can attenuate leachate pollutants by reactions [...]
Magnetite biomineralization in ferruginous waters and early Earth evolution
Published: 2020-01-09
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Burial of large quantities of magnetite (Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4) in iron formations (IFs) likely contributed to the protracted oxidation of Earth’s surface during the Precambrian Eons. Magnetite can form through a diversity of biological and abiotic pathways and its preservation in IFs may thus be variably interpreted as the result of some combination of these processes. Such interpretations thus give [...]
The Origin of Continental Carbonates in Andean Salars: A Multi-Tracer Geochemical Approach in Laguna Pastos Grandes (Bolivia)
Published: 2020-01-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In continental volcanic settings, abundant carbonate precipitation can occur with atypical facies compared to marine settings. The (bio-)chemical processes responsible for their development and early diagenesis are typically complex and not fully understood. In the Bolivian Altiplano, Laguna Pastos Grandes hosts a 40-km2 carbonate platform with a great diversity of facies and provides an ideal [...]