Preprints
There are 6100 Preprints listed.
Multi-satellite data depicts record-breaking methane leak from a well blowout
Published: 2024-02-14
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Accidental blowouts in oil and gas wells can result in large and prolonged methane emissions, which are often unreported when happening in remote places. The rapid advancement of space-based methods for detecting and quantifying methane plumes provides an essential tool for uncovering these super-emission events. We use a range of methane-sensitive satellites to document a methane leak from a [...]
Scaling High-resolution Soil Organic Matter Composition to Improve Predictions of Potential Soil Respiration Across the Continental United States
Published: 2024-02-14
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Soil Science
Despite the importance of microbial respiration of soil organic matter (SOM) in regulating carbon flux between soils and atmosphere, soil carbon cycling models remain primarily based on climate and soil properties, leading to large uncertainty in predictions. With data from the 1000 Soils Pilot of the Molecular Observation Network (MONet), we analyzed high resolution water-extractable SOM [...]
WaterGate: An Accessible Computational Model of Flooding Patterns
Published: 2024-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
240 million people are affected by floods each year, reflecting the urgent need for accessible flood prediction and detection. WaterGate is a computational model that uses geographic elevation data and the rational method to predict flooding patterns , generating an interactive 3D model for user accessibility. Computational hydrology applies numerical methods, machine learning algorithms, and [...]
Graph Characterization of Higher Order Structure in Atmospheric Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Published: 2024-02-13
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Other Applied Mathematics, Other Environmental Sciences
Atmospheric chemical reactions play an important role in air quality and climate change. While the structure and dynamics of individual chemical reactions are fairly well understood, the emergent properties of the entire atmospheric chemical system, which can involve many different species that participate in many different reactions, are not well described. In this work, we leverage [...]
Exponentially cascaded cross-sectional volume estimates from elevation data
Published: 2024-02-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
The relationship between discharges and flow heights is a critical component of hydraulic modelling, often carried out involving data on the elevation profiles of the river bed. However, obtaining and using cross-sectional profile data can be resource intensive. Methods for profile estimation from rasterized elevation and bathymetry can help overcome this. In this paper, an efficient algorithm [...]
Combining sustainability and resilience assessment of a Regional Food System: evaluating an innovative Swiss alpine valley
Published: 2024-02-12
Subjects: Food Science
The Swiss food system faces complex economic, social, and environmental challenges concurrent with a consensus among citizens, scientists, and institutions advocating for a transition toward sustainable food production. We argue that resilient and sustainable Regional Food Systems have a spillover effect on global food system sustainability and resilience. This study focuses on the regional [...]
Mechanisms and seismological signatures of rupture complexity induced by fault damage zones in fully-dynamic earthquake cycle models
Published: 2024-02-10
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Damage zones are common around faults, but their effects on earthquake mechanics are still incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how damage affects rupture patterns, source time functions and ground motions in 2D fully-dynamic cycle models. We find that back-propagating rupture fronts emerge in large faults and can be triggered by residual stresses left by previous ruptures or by [...]
Bayesian reconstruction of sea-level and hydroclimates from coastal landform inversion: application to Santa Cruz (US) and Gulf of Corinth app
Published: 2024-02-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
Quantifying Quaternary sea-level changes and hydroclimatic conditions is an important challenge given their intricate relation with paleo-climate, ice-sheets and geodynamics. The world’s coastlines provide an enormous geomorphologic archive, from which forward landscape evolution modelling studies have shown their potential to unravel paleo sea-levels, albeit at the cost of assumptions on the [...]
From nutrients to fish: Impacts of mesoscale processes in a global CESM-FEISTY eddying ocean model framework
Published: 2024-02-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
The ocean sustains ecosystems that are essential for human livelihood and habitability of the planet. The ocean holds an enormous amount of carbon, and serves as a critical source of nutrition for human societies worldwide. Climate variability and change impacts marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems. Thus, having state-of-the-art simulations of the ocean, which include marine biogeochemistry and [...]
A new calibration of the OPAM thermobarometer for anhydrous and hydrous mafic systems
Published: 2024-02-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Melt-based thermobarometers are essential tools to recover pre-eruptive magma storage conditions through their application to bulk rock and liquid chemistry. In active volcanic systems, thermobarometric results can be combined with independent geophysical data during or after an eruption to validate conceptual models. In this contribution, we revisit the thermobarometer for melts equilibrated [...]
Magma solidification effects during sill emplacement: insights from laboratory experiments
Published: 2024-02-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Igneous sills and interconnected sill complexes transport magma both vertically through the Earth’s crust and laterally over potentially long distances. Although cooling and solidification of magma are acknowledged to play a major role in the propagation and emplacement of sills, their contributions to sill formation remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of solidification on sill [...]
DAS to Discharge: Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to infer glacier runoff
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observations of glacier melt and runoff are of fundamental interest in the study of glaciers and their interactions with their environment. Considerable recent interest has developed around distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), a sensing technique which utilizes Rayleigh backscatter in fiber optic cables to measure the seismo-acoustic wavefield in high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we [...]
WITHDRAWN: The potential of terrestrial and aquatic molluscs for the temporal analysis of Deckenschotter deposits and younger Quaternary sediments from the Swiss Plateau
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Azimuthal Variation in the Spectra of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Clusters and its Application to Understanding Fault Zone Structure
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We first show through dynamic rupture models that FDZs can amplify high-frequency waves along directions close to fault strike and the amplified frequency band may be used to estimate the width and velocity contrast of the FDZ. Then, we identify this high-frequency amplification in the spectra of M1.5–3 earthquakes from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. We cluster the earthquakes by [...]
An aminostratigraphy for the Quaternary of the Swiss Plateau
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Analytical Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy
Here we develop an amino acid chronology to help establish a dated sequence for the important Early Pleistocene Höhere and Tiefere Deckenschotter lithostratigraphic units, as well as other Quaternary deposits from the Swiss Plateau. Age discrimination is possible between the Quaternary sites from the Swiss Plateau in six different biominerals: Bithynia opercula, shell fragments from Fruticola, [...]