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Preprints

There are 5432 Preprints listed.

Levers for transformative nature-based adaptation initiatives in the Alps

Titouan Dubo, Ignacio Palomo, Aude Zingraff-Hamed, et al.

Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Environmental Studies

Transformative adaptation is essential to face the unprecedented biodiversity and climate change crises. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) could accelerate the transformation of social-ecological systems to address climate change and biodiversity and Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) loss. However, they are not widely implemented. Understanding the drivers of decision-making context that [...]

A scoping review of seismic risk communication in Europe

Gemma Musacchio, Angela Saraò, Susanna Falsaperla, et al.

Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past 2 decades, seismic risk communication has evolved significantly. This has led to a [...]

Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary

Sean Christopher Hunter Crosby, Kees Nederhoff, Nathan VanArendonk, et al.

Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Accurate, and high-resolution wave statistics are critical for regional hazard mapping and planning. However, long-term simulations at high spatial resolution are often computationally prohibitive. Here, multiple rapid frameworks including fetch-limited, look-up-table (LUT), and linear propagation are combined and tested in a large estuary exposed to both remotely (swell) and locally generated [...]

Complex rupture evolution of the 2007 Martinique earthquake: a non-double-couple event in the Caribbean Sea

Kenta Ohara, Yuji Yagi, Ryo Okuwaki

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A large non-double-couple component of a tectonic earthquake indicates that its rupture likely was complex and likely involved multiple faults. Detailed source models of such earthquakes can add to our understanding of earthquake source complexity. The 2007 Martinique earthquake in the Caribbean Sea is one of the largest recent earthquakes with a known large non-double-couple component. It was an [...]

Paleoenvironmental implications of Deccan volcanism relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction: evidence from the ‘red bole’ record

Nikhil Sharma, Thierry Adatte, Torsten Vennemann, et al.

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) have been widely studied over the past decades due to their likely link to mass extinction events. Previous work involving U-Pb zircon dating of the Deccan lava flows indicates that the main phase-2 began 250 Ka before the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction boundary and continued into the early Danian, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. Closer to [...]

Traditional and Artificial Intelligence based techniques to measure trees: an overview

Catarina dos Santos Gonçalves Candeias

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Engineering

To address the problem of climate changes, CO2 sequestration by forests should be assessed. Forests store carbon in their biomass- about half of it is carbon. The trees’ diameter, height and age are relevant parameters for forests’ biomass estimation. Various methods have been utilized to estimate forests’ biomass. Initially, field measurements using tape measures, clinometers and frequently a [...]

Two seismic events from InSight confirmed as new impacts on Mars

Ingrid J Daubar, Benjamin Fernando, Raphael Garcia, et al.

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We report confirmed impact sources for two seismic events on Mars detected by the NASA InSight mission. These events have been positively associated with fresh impact craters identified from orbital images, which match predicted locations and sizes, and have formation time constraints consistent with the seismic event dates. They are both of the Very High Frequency family of seismic events and [...]

Vulnerability of Firn to Hydrofracture: Poromechanics Modeling

Yue Meng, Riley Culberg, Ching-Yao Lai

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences

On the Greenland Ice Sheet, hydrofracture connects the supraglacial and subglacial hydrologic systems, coupling surface runoff dynamics and ice velocity. Over the last two decades, the growth of low-permeability ice slabs in the firn above the equilibrium line has expanded Greenland’s runoff zone, but the vulnerability of these regions to hydrofracture is still poorly understood. [...]

Dynamic modeling of coastal compound flooding hazards due to tides, extratropical storms, waves, and sea-level rise: a case study in the Salish Sea, Washington (USA)

Kees Nederhoff, Sean Crosby, Nathan VanArendonk, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Education

The Puget Sound Coastal Storm Modeling System (PS-CoSMoS) is a tool designed to dynamically downscale future climate scenarios (i.e., projected changes in wind and pressure fields and tem-perature) to compute regional water levels, waves, and compound flooding over large geographic areas (100s of kilometers) at high spatial resolutions (1 m) pertinent to coastal hazard assessments and planning. [...]

Exploring climate service for food and nutritional security and health outcomes of socially differentiated smallholder farmers in moisture stress Weredas of Sidama

Alemante Amera Ayalew, Taye Gari, Bernt Lindtjorn, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Medical Sciences

Smallholder agriculture has historically dominated Ethiopia's agricultural production. To boost crop output and productivity, agrochemicals and agricultural equipment have proven indispensable. However, climatic information has received minimal consideration from agricultural interventions in food production and health development programmes. The heterogeneous qualities of smallholder farmers [...]

From source to sea: Floating macroplastic transport along the Rhine river

Boaz Kuizenga, Paolo Tasseron, Katrin Wendt-Pothoff, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Other Environmental Sciences

Rivers are pathways and storage zones for plastic pollution. Land-based plastic waste enters river systems through anthropogenic and hydrometeorological processes, after which they are transported and retained. Only a fraction is assumed to make it into the ocean. Understanding and quantifying river plastic transport is important to optimize prevention and reduction strategies, and to evaluate [...]

Production and Preservation of Lipid Biosignatures in SO4-Rich Hypersaline Lakes of the Cariboo Plateau

Floyd Nichols, Alexandra Pontefract, Hannah Dion-Kirschner, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Modern and ancient hypersaline lakes and oceans have been identified across the solar system, but the habitability and potential of these environments to preserve organic matter remain unknown. Here, we evaluate organic matter production and preservation potential in hypersaline lakes whose chemistries resemble deposits on Mars. We focus our analysis on lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, [...]

Relative contributions of water level components to extreme water levels along the United States Southeast Atlantic Coast from a regional-scale water level hindcast

Kai Parker, Li Erikson, Jennifer Thomas, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Oceanography

A 38-year hindcast water level product is developed for the United States Southeast Atlantic coastline from the entrance of Chesapeake Bay to the southeast tip of Florida. The water level modelling framework utilized in this study combines a global-scale hydrodynamic model (Global Tide and Surge Model, GTSM-ERA5), a novel ensemble-based tide model, a parameterized wave setup model, and [...]

Seasonality in carbon flux attenuation explains spatial variability in transfer efficiency

Francisco de Melo Viríssimo, Adrian P. Martin, Stephanie Henson, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Each year, the biological carbon pump is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into millions of tonnes of organic carbon, and for transferring a fraction of it to the deep ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. The efficiency of this surface-to-depth carbon transfer varies geographically, and is a key determinant of the atmosphere-ocean carbon dioxide balance. Traditionally, the [...]

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