Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Evaluating Clean Water Act progress drivers for Idaho rivers and streams 2002-2022
Published: 2023-03-03
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
In the United States, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary legislation driving surface water quality management. Its goal is to “restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.” Section 305(b) of the CWA requires states to document CWA progress by reporting whether applicable water quality standards are achieved for all state waters every two [...]
The Earth4All model of human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100
Published: 2023-03-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geography
In the following pages, we give a short introduction to a new integrated global assessment model: The Earth4All model of human wellbeing on a finite planet towards the year 2100. The Earth4All (E4A) model has evolved over a fifteen-year period and represents a summary of insights we have gained during all these years (See Appendix 1 for a list of the main publications that form the foundation for [...]
Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective
Published: 2023-03-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intruding magma can create space by uplift and elastic bending of the overburden, which locally fractures the deforming volume and produces dome-like forced folds. Due to their geometry and fracture network, such intrusion-induced forced folds make ideal fluid traps. As these forced folds are common in many volcanic settings and sedimentary basins, they present exploration targets for water, [...]
Effects of concentrated and intense heavy rain on phreatic eruptions ～Based on a case study of the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in Japan-～
Published: 2023-02-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
"This paper is a non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv" For humans living in an economic zone adjacent to volcanoes, the reality of unpredictable eruptions is a constant concern. This paper presents a new view on the phreatic eruption process of Mt. Ontake, Japan. The purpose of this posting is to find ways to reduce casualties from phreatic eruptions. As a background, there is the [...]
Seasonal and annual tropical river pattern change detection using machine learning
Published: 2023-02-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rivers in the tropics are more likely to exhibit seasonal changes in pattern than those in temperate regions because of strongly seasonal rainfall. However, such changes in seasonal tropical river patterns have not been widely investigated. Machine learning methods are used in this study with Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing images to classify active channel landforms (water; unvegetated [...]
Large variation in Mekong river plastic transport between wet and dry season
Published: 2023-02-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Plastic pollution in rivers is of increased global concern. Rivers act both as pathways for land-based plastic waste into the ocean, and as plastic reservoirs for long-term retention. Reliable observations are key to designing, optimizing and evaluating strategies to prevent and reduce plastic pollution. Several measurement methods have been developed to quantify macroplastic ($>$0.5 cm) storage [...]
A new, global optical sediment trap calibration
Published: 2023-02-25
Subjects: Oceanography
Autonomous sensors for gravitational carbon flux in the ocean are critically needed, because of uncertainties in the projected response of the biological carbon pump (BCP) to climate change, and the proposed, engineered acceleration of the BCP to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean. Optical sediment trap (OST) sensors directly sense fluxes of sinking particles in a manner that is independent [...]
Rapid seaward expansion of seaport footprints worldwide
Published: 2023-02-25
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Sustainability
As global maritime traffic increases, seaports grow to accommodate and compete for higher volumes of trade throughput. However, growth trajectories of seaport footprints around the world have gone unmeasured, likely because of a lack of readily available spatio-temporal data. Here, we use geospatial analysis of global satellite imagery from 1990–2020 to show that 65 seaports among the world's top [...]
Extrapolation-based regionalized re-evaluation of the global estuarine surface area
Published: 2023-02-24
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology
At the interface between the continental and oceanic domains, estuaries are essential components of the land–ocean aquatic continuum. These coastal ecosystems play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles, as they transform and export large amounts of terrigenous carbon and nutrients from rivers to marine waters. Because of this intense biogeochemical processing, they are significant [...]
3D geometry of the Lonar impact crater, India, imaged from cultural seismic noise
Published: 2023-02-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Lonar impact crater in the Deccan Volcanic Province of India is an excellent analogue for impact-induced structures on the Moon and other terrestrial planets. We present a detailed architecture of the crater using a high-resolution 3-D seismic velocity image to a depth of 1.5 km through the inversion of ambient noise data recorded over 20 broadband seismographs operating around the crater. [...]
Detection and Characterization of Discontinuous Motion on Thompson Glacier, Canadian High Arctic, Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Speckle Tracking and Ice-Flow Modeling
Published: 2023-02-23
Subjects: Glaciology
We investigate unusual discontinuous glacier motion on Thompson Glacier, Umingmat Nunaat, Arctic Canada, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ice-flow modeling. A novel intensity-rescaling scheme is developed to reduce errors in high resolution speckle tracking, resulting in a ~25% improvement in accuracy. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and speckle tracking using high resolution [...]
Eclogites and basement terrane tectonics in the northern arm of the Grenville orogen, NW Scotland
Published: 2023-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The presence of eclogites within continental crust is a key indicator of collisional orogenesis and they have been used worldwide to assist in the delineation of ancient collisional sutures. Eclogites within the Eastern Glenelg basement inlier of the Northern Highland Terrane (NHT) have been re-dated in order to provide more accurate constraints on the timing of collision within the northern arm [...]
Modelling a Dam Breach failure: Case of study in the Chaglla Reservoir, Perú.
Published: 2023-02-21
Subjects: Engineering
The dam breaching is one of the events with the most catastrophic consequences among the risks due to fluvial flooding, given the intensity, the great extension of the affectation and the speed of the event. At present, various hydraulic modeling programs are capable of simulating the breach in the wall of a dam, as well as its possible subsequent flooding, granting speeds and drafts in the [...]
Simulating the processes controlling ice-shelf rift paths using damage mechanics
Published: 2023-02-21
Subjects: Glaciology
Rifts are full-thickness fractures that propagate laterally across the ice shelf. They cause ice-shelf weakening and calving of tabular icebergs, and control the initial size of calved icebergs. Here, we present a combined inverse and forward computational modeling framework to capture rifting by combining the vertically integrated momentum balance and anisotropic continuum damage mechanics [...]
Did hydroclimate conditions contribute to the political dynamics of Majapahit? A preliminary analysis
Published: 2023-02-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Majapahit was the largest Hindu-Buddhist empire that ruled the Indonesian archipelago from the late 13th to mid-16th centuries CE. Only now there is still a lot of history surrounding the Majapahit era that has yet to be revealed. One is about how environmental factors influenced the political dynamics at that time. This study tries to discuss the influence of hydroclimate regimes using the Paleo [...]