Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
A new source-to-sink synthesis of the Middle Triassic Helsby Sandstone Formation (Sherwood Sandstone Group) river system in the British Isles
Published: 2025-10-30
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Sediment grain size and mineralogy change in sediment routing systems from source to sink. A better understanding of sediment routing allows improved predictions to be made of the bulk grain-size and mineralogy of sandstone fairways. We present a new appraisal of sediment routing in the Triassic Helsby Sandstone Formation (Sherwood Sandstone Group) and lowermost Mercia Mudstone Group of the [...]
Downstream patterns in bedrock valley morphology encode climatic and tectonic forcing
Published: 2026-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Fluvially-carved bedrock valleys are ubiquitous landscape features. Vertical incision into underlying bedrock generates valley relief, whereas lateral migration of the river channel widens the valley floor as the river erodes the valley walls. The relative efficacy of these processes, which can be modulated by precipitation and water discharge, sediment supply, lithology, and uplift rates is [...]
Reconciling remote sensing and reanalysis land surface temperatures: How surface conditions shape systematic differences between GOES-16 and MERRA-2 across the contiguous US
Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Hydrology, Life Sciences, Meteorology, Soil Science
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable governing land–atmosphere energy and water exchanges. Despite the importance of LST, satellite observations and reanalysis products often differ in how they define the effective LST depth and in the assumptions underlying their estimates, making comparisons and interpretation challenging. In this study, we present a detailed comparison of LST from [...]
Integrated soil profile mapping reveals regional patterns of soil condition across Southern African agricultural lands
Published: 2026-08-28
Subjects: Agriculture, Applied Statistics, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Soil Science, Spatial Science, Statistical Models
Soil information at regional scales remains limited in Africa despite its importance for sustainable agricultural management, food security and land degradation assessment. Existing digital soil mapping approaches commonly model soil properties as independent depth layers and apply depth harmonisation after prediction, limiting their capacity to characterise changes in soil condition. Here, we [...]
When the Comparison Is the Problem: Spatial Resolution and Validation Bias in InSAR-Derived Coastal Subsidence Assessments Along the U.S. Gulf Coast
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Engineering
Li et al. (2026) compare two InSAR-derived surface-elevation change datasets for the central U.S. Gulf Coast and conclude that InSAR is unreliable in vegetated coastal settings for rates below 5 mm/yr. While InSAR reproducibility is a timely and consequential question, we demonstrate that the paper's principal conclusions rest on three methodological decisions that critically undermine the [...]
GIS-Based Assessment of Urbanization Impact on Green Space Dynamics in Awka, Nigeria (1990–2020)
Published: 2026-08-14
Subjects: Education
This research project focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on green spaces in Awka Urban City, Nigeria, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study spans the years 1990 to 2020 and employs Landsat satellite imagery for geospatial analysis. The primary objectives include mapping and quantifying the extent of urbanization, analyzing changes in green space distribution, and [...]
Transforming biodiversity governance through improving evidence and diversifying values of nature in scenarios and models
Published: 2026-06-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) sets ambitious 2030 targets and 2050 goals but lacks the scenario and modelling infrastructure needed to link national actions to global outcomes. Tracing the evolution of biodiversity scenarios and models, from Limits to Growth, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the SSP-RCP framework to the Nature Futures Framework (NFF), we [...]
Rapid biotransformation and inactivation of subtilisin and α-amylase in wastewater treatment plants Article Type: Research Article
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
This study quantified the removal and biotransformation of the industrial enzymes subtilisin and α-amylase in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and activated sludge systems. Measurements of subtilisin and α-amylase at an industrial WWTP showed high inlet concentrations and concentrations below quantification limits in the outlet, corresponding to removals of more than 99% of intact enzymes. [...]
Satellite-Based Clustering of Pre-Monsoon Wildfires and Variability of Tropospheric NO₂ and CO in Nepal
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Nepal's pre-monsoon season transforms the country's southern lowlands into one of South Asia's most active wildfire landscapes. However, spatially explicit assessments of wildfire dynamics and trace gas variability at high temporal resolution remain limited. This study uses a satellite-based methodology to quantify wildfire activity and its atmospheric impacts across Nepal during 2021–2024. [...]
WITHDRAWN: Can Green Infrastructure Curb Urban Sprawl? Evidence from China's Sponge City Program and Spatial Implications for Emerging Asia
Published: 2026-06-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Stress triggering in a rain-induced earthquake swarm in the Palghar region, western India
Published: 2026-06-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rain-triggered seismicity has been reported only in a few regions globally and is typically short-lived. However, an earthquake swarm, inferred to be rain-induced in previous studies, persisted with intense activity for over two years in Palghar, western India. Between January 2019 and November 2020, ~8,300 well-located earthquakes with horizontal and depth uncertainties ≤ 1.5 km were recorded at [...]
Numerical calculation of coastal trapped wave modes
Published: 2025-11-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A numerical method is developed to calculate coastal trapped wave (CTW) modes in the low-frequency limit ω ≪ f. The modes are solutions to a 2-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Useful properties like orthogonality are derived from the bilinear form associated with the operator of the eigenvalue problem. Our formulation uses the z coordinates and the CTW equation is discretized with a [...]
Hydrometeorological Consistency and Structural Differences in High-Resolution Atmospheric Forcing Products over the Gulf Coast
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Hydrology
Kilometer-scale meteorological forcing products are increasingly used in hydrologic applications, yet comparable resolution does not ensure consistent atmospheric structure or derived diagnostics. This study compares AORC and NLDAS-3 across the U.S. Gulf Coast and Southeast (Texas to the Carolinas) from 2001–2020 using a common spatial footprint and paired days. Relative to AORC, NLDAS-3 exhibits [...]
A magnetite–clinopyroxene vanadium oxybarometer for reconstructing magmatic redox conditions in plutonic rocks
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
Reliable reconstruction of primary magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) in plutonic systems remains challenging because most existing oxybarometers either require equilibrium melts or are restricted to specific mineral assemblages. Here we develop the first melt-independent vanadium-based magnetite–clinopyroxene (Mt–Cpx) oxybarometer by transferring experimentally calibrated V partitioning from [...]
The tidal-force theory of the Indian summer monsoon
Published: 2026-07-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Science and Mathematics Education
This article elaborates on the theory that both lunar and solar tractive tidal forces generate the wind flows responsible for the ISMR. Monsoon variability shows that the monsoon (ISMR) is not periodic simply on the tropical year or the Gregorian calendar. However, it was observed that the seemingly delayed monsoons of 2004 and 2026 came right on time for the rainy season on the traditional [...]