Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
Dress Rehearsal: 2023 El Niño Anticipatory Action Somalia, in the Shadow of 1997
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Human Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography
In 2023 Somalia saw the largest-ever scale of anticipatory action (AA) linked to a seasonal forecast. $24m was spent on preparedness and early response, based on forecasted flooding driven by El Niño and a positiveIn 2023 Somalia saw the largest-ever scale of anticipatory action (AA) linked to a seasonal forecast. $24m was spent on preparedness and early response, based on forecasted flooding [...]
Socio-Demographic Predictors of Earthquake Preparedness Among University Students: Evidence from a Public University in Bangladesh
Published: 2026-06-20
Subjects: Geography
Bangladesh is exceptionally prone to recurring hydrological and meteorological disasters, which have traditionally dominated the national policy and disaster management discourse. Consequently, seismic risk remains heavily underemphasized, leaving major urban centers like Dhaka highly vulnerable to catastrophic human and structural losses from potential earthquakes. While structural mitigation [...]
From Drought to Aridification: Land-cover fingerprints of a drying Chile
Published: 2024-06-19
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Resource Management
Chile has endured a decade-long “mega-drought”, yet it remains unclear whether this represents a temporary climate anomaly or the onset of long-term aridification. While droughts are typically temporary events, persistent or recurrent droughts can indicate a transition toward aridification, i.e., a gradual shift to drier conditions. We assessed how temporal changes in water supply and demand at [...]
Interplay between supercontinents and accretionary orogens recorded in 200 million years of metallogeny
Published: 2026-06-21
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The assembly of supercontinents and the evolution of accretionary orogens are one of the most fundamental drivers of Earth's lithospheric architecture and mineral endowment. Here we reconstruct the 200 million years metallogenic history of the mainland Australian part of the Delamerian convergent margin, a pivotal segment of the East Gondwana paleo-Pacific margin that archives the transition from [...]
The evolution of West African Atlantic mangroves from the Late Cretaceous to the present: an evidence-based synthesis of the paleobotanical record
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Paleontology
The paleobiogeographic and evolutionary history of tropical West African (WAF) mangroves has yet to be comprehensively reconstructed from the available paleobotanical evidence. This study presents the WAFMA (West AFrican MAngrove) dataset, the fourth regional compilation in an ongoing series aimed at reconstructing the origin and evolution of mangroves worldwide through standardized, [...]
Pedagogical integration of digital GIS tools in secondary education: Teachers’ uses, classroom organisation, and constraints
Published: 2026-06-21
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography
Secondary-school GIS teaching offers a window into how geospatial workflows are translated into classroom practice. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 20 Finnish lower and upper secondary geography teachers, this article analyses the tools teachers use, the pedagogical organisation of GIS-related work, and the factors shaping its scope, depth, and continuity. The findings show that [...]
When is curvature-level geoid validation feasible? A detectability-and-identifiability design rule, demonstrated on GSVS17
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Geoid-model validation campaigns compare observed geoid heights and slopes against models. This work asks what it takes to extend that comparison by one differential order — to curvature, the local change of slope — and gives a predictive design rule for when such a test is worthwhile. The rule rests on the classical fact that plumb-line curvature is a projection of the gravity Hessian, or [...]
Detecting industrial ammonia and ethylene point sources with the thermal bands of Landsat 8 and 9
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Industrial point sources of ammonia (NH₃) and ethylene (C₂H₄) are poorly constrained in current inventories, in part because satellites tend to offer either fine spatial detail or frequent revisits. We show that the two thermal-infrared bands of the Landsat 8 and 9 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), though built for land-surface monitoring, can detect and spatially resolve such plumes at 100 m [...]
Multi-annual sub-pixel land cover mapping with TESSERA latent embeddings
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Geography, Remote Sensing
Mapping land cover in highly heterogeneous landscapes is challenging, and classifications have inherent limitations where the spatial resolution of remotely sensed data exceeds the size of small objects. Sub-pixel land cover fraction maps based on medium-resolution optical remote sensing data like Landsat or Sentinel-2 overcome this limitation but are often not consistently available across [...]
Tectonic pump closes the evolutionary loop for long-buried subseafloor microbes
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Tectonics and Structure
Deep marine sediments host one of Earth’s largest microbial biospheres, yet most cells in this environment persist in a non-growing state for thousands to millions of years beneath kilometers of sediment. For natural selection to favor such extraordinary long-term survival, a mechanism must exist that is capable of returning buried living populations to near-surface environments, where [...]
Metabolic retraction and virulence expansion in a tropical urban river microbiome under dry-season stress
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Microbiology
Anthropogenic pollution and seasonal flow reduction concentrate untreated organic waste in tropical rivers, yet the coupled response of microbial metabolism and virulence gene repertoires remains poorly understood. We applied shotgun metagenomics to the Shitalakshya River (Bangladesh) from early (December 2024) to peak (February 2025) dry season. Dissolved oxygen fell to near-hypoxic levels, [...]
Future hydrology of a Himalayan basin shaped by elevation dependent shifts in water balance components
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mountainous basins in the Himalayas serve as critical ``water towers'' sustaining downstream livelihoods, yet their hydrological response to climate change is complex due to extreme elevation gradients. This study investigates the future hydrology of the Karnali basin (situated in Western Nepal) by disaggregating water balance components along its elevation profile. Using the fully distributed [...]
How Do General Upper Secondary School Students Interpret Map Information? Geomedia Literacy and Visual Map Elements in Finland’s Geography Matriculation Examination
Published: 2026-06-21
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Language and Literacy Education
This study examines general upper secondary school students’ geomedia literacy in a high-stakes assessment context by analysing 272 essay answers to a map-related question in Finland’s nationwide geography Matriculation Examination (spring 2020). The task (“Visual elements of a good map”) asked students to identify at least five map elements and justify what each element conveys using a provided [...]
IPOC-Deep: a new seismicity catalog for Northern Chile with >2 million events
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a novel seismicity catalog for Northern Chile, which covers 17 years (2007--2023) of data and contains more than 2.2 million events. Raw waveform data from nearly 200 stations including a range of temporary deployments were processed with state-of-the-art algorithms for phase picking (EQTransformer) and association (PyOcto), after which we performed absolute event relocation in a 2.5D [...]
Reactive soil inputs during high-flow events decouple carbon chemistry and CO2 evasion in a granitic headwater stream
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Hydrology
Quantifying CO2 dynamics in low-alkalinity headwater streams is challenging because thermodynamically based evaluations of pCO2 and CO2 fluxes (FCO2) assume coherent DIC-alkalinity-pH coupling. This study examines how hydrologically driven disturbances violate this assumption in a forested, granitic headwater stream using 15 months of calculated pCO2 and FCO2, alongside measurements of pH, [...]