Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
Beyond 2030 Agendas: Toward Conditional Convergence in Global Sustainability Governance
Published: 2026-08-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
As major sustainable-development frameworks approach 2030, “Beyond 2030” conversations are emerging across the UN system. This review synthesizes seven tracks: the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under [...]
The 26 August 2026 Langtang Lirung ice–rock avalanche and its transboundary cascade: a multi-source observational reconstruction in the Bhote Koshi basin
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology
On 26 August 2026, an ice–rock avalanche detached from the northern flank of Langtang Lirung (7,227 m) at about 5,200 m a.s.l., transformed into a debris flow that travelled roughly 22 km in 6–7 minutes, destroyed the Gyirong border port (China) and dammed the river; a flood then propagated a reported ~170 km down the Bhote Koshi–Trishuli–Narayani system into Nepal and India. At least 16 people [...]
Simulation analysis method of drainage system of tideland paddy zone
Published: 2026-09-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The tideland paddy zone drainage system plays an important role in preventing flood damage and protecting the tideland paddy zone by draining the rainwater from the paddy zones and the surrounding catchments in good time. Therefore, scientific design of drainage system and accurate assessment of drainage capacity in tideland paddy zones are important for sustainable development in agricultural [...]
A One-Dimensional Framework for Three-Phase Flow in Immiscible and Near-Miscible CO2 Injection: Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage
Published: 2026-09-19
Subjects: Engineering
We develop an integrated analytical framework for one-dimensional three-phase flow - involving rarefaction waves, shocks generated through the elliptic region and shock locus, as well as water and oil banks - for the analysis of oil recovery and CO2 storage. The solutions are compared with numerical approximations from a commercial reservoir simulator and an explicit finite difference code, [...]
Multi-Sensor Satellite-Based Retrospective Early-Warning Assessment of the 26 August 2026 Flood Event in the Langtang Region of Nepal
Published: 2026-09-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Rapid-onset floods in high-mountain environments can be difficult to anticipate because their triggering mechanisms may involve interactions among precipitation, glacierized terrain, surface-water dynamics, and sudden geomorphological disturbances. This study presents a retrospective multi-sensor satellite assessment of the flood event reported in the Langtang region of Nepal on 26 August 2026. [...]
Quantification of Power Plant NOx Emissions: A Reference for Diurnal and Seasonal Accuracy of TEMPO
Published: 2026-09-19
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Remote Sensing
Satellite observations of NO2 from geostationary orbit provide an opportunity to study daytime emissions with hourly temporal resolution. We used NO2 column measurements from Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) with a new fitting function, the rise-decay (RD) model, to derive NOx emissions at 64 power plants in the continental United States. The RD model separately fits the [...]
A sixth-century groundwater manual tested against India's well network: plant indicators and depth claims in Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Dakārgala chapter of Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā (sixth century CE) is one of the oldest detailed manuals for finding groundwater. It names trees, often together with anthills, as signs of water and gives the depth at which water will be found. It is often cited as early hydrological knowledge, but its claims have not been tested systematically. We coded the chapter's plant indicators and 48 [...]
On the quieting of glaciohydraulic tremor
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
The subglacial hydraulic system strongly modulates glacier motion, yet the links between subglacial water flow, basal pressure, and short-lived drainage reorganization remain difficult to observe directly. Seismology can track seismic power generated by turbulent subglacial water flow, known as glaciohydraulic tremor (GHT). At Rhône Glacier, Switzerland, previous observations documented periods [...]
Integrating machine learning with a process-based model for estimating global wetland methane emissions
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estimates of methane emissions from natural wetlands are uncertain and depend on the modeling approach. Process-based models incorporate knowledge of the underlying biogeochemistry, but prediction accuracy is sensitive to parameterization and empirical equations. Machine learning models have potential to improve estimates, however they struggle to generalize to new prediction sites. We explore [...]
Explicit Structural Modeling of Geological Horizons Near Fault Networks
Published: 2026-08-20
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article extends the approach of constructing a geological horizon surface near a single tectonic fault to the case of a system of arbitrary, including intersecting, faults. The generalization requires solving four subtasks: formalization of the fault system as a simplicial complex, construction of the modeling domain as a gamma-neighborhood of the cut graph on the triangulation, replacement [...]
A coordinated NASA observing system for monitoring the next decade of ice sheet-climate interactions
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea level rise is a global problem that is currently shrouded in uncertainty. The next decade of NASA research priorities must address key unknowns and monitor ongoing changes in the ice sheet-ocean system in order to improve sea level rise projections and equip government officials to legislate the appropriate policies. This will require a coordinated observing system that combines satellite [...]
Coupling Chemistry and Machine Learning Across the Lithium Supply Chain: Resource Geochemistry, Extraction, Separation, and Recycling
Published: 2026-08-20
Subjects: Engineering
Lithium supply must expand sharply over the coming decades to support the electrification of transport and the growth of stationary energy storage. At almost every stage the governing chemical challenge is the same: concentrating and separating Li⁺ from chemically similar competing ions at acceptable economic and environmental cost. This review examines the supply chain through two interconnected [...]
A global assessment of effective fracture porosity and density in crystalline rocks
Published: 2026-09-04
Subjects: Geology
Knowledge of effective fracture porosity in crystalline rocks is important for water resources, geological storage and subsurface biogeochemistry, but remains poorly constrained due to limited and regionally biased data. Here, we use global permeability datasets and equations that relate effective porosity and permeability to estimate effective porosity and hydraulically active fracture density [...]
Very-high-resolution optical imagery reveals key clues to the Langtang Lirung ice–rock avalanche
Published: 2026-09-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice–rock avalanches and resulting cascading processes are increasingly recognized to pose an exceptional risk to high-mountain systems. Once initiated, they often transition from dense multiphase mixtures to water-saturated debris flows and even hyper-concentrated floods, thus attaining sufficient runout potential to move from highly remote to populated regions. The event that originated from the [...]
Annual mean methane emissions from individual oil-gas point sources worldwide inferred from multi-satellite plume-imaging observations
Published: 2026-09-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plume-imaging satellite instruments routinely reveal large methane point source emissions from oil and gas systems. But the observations are for instantaneous plumes, and the instruments have limited detection and revisit capabilities, making it challenging to infer time-averaged emission rates as needed for emission inventories and reporting. Here we develop a general method to infer the [...]