Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Lead (Pb) contamination in drinking water in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Lead (Pb) in drinking water causes organ damage, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and lifelong neurological and developmental impairment, disproportionately harming infants and developing fetuses. However, evidence on lead in drinking water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited and lacks robust synthesis, impeding action. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of [...]
Quantifying lead (Pb) leaching from galvanized handpump spouts, leaded brass taps, and stainless-steel alternatives using the NSF 61 test protocol: Implications for safe rural water supply
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin with no known safe level of exposure. Widespread lead contamination has been found in rural groundwater-supplied drinking water systems in low- and middle-income countries, potentially from corrosion of lead-containing materials such as galvanized steel and brass. National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) 61 is an international standard for certifying the safety of water [...]
Land Use, Sustainability, and Democratic Backsliding
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Geography, Sustainability
Land use and land systems, i.e. how human societies manage and interact with land through social-ecological systems, are at the core of sustainability issues. Democratic backsliding, i.e. the decline or degradation of the institutions and social norms that sustain democratic societies, is a widespread and impactful trend, with strong but understudied two-ways linkages with land use dynamics. From [...]
Local Seismicity: Matched Filter Detection Routine with Synthetic Templates using 1D velocity model
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
This study evaluates the performance of Synthetic Template Matching for seismic event detection in the West Bohemia region (Czechia), comparing it with two established methods: the automated detector-locator PEPiN and an Artificial Neural Network. Synthetic templates are generated using a 1D velocity model and span a grid of five fundamental focal mechanisms (FMs), independent of any prior [...]
Feasibility of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in soils polluted by hydrocarbons
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents an investigation on the potential of biostimulation and bioaugmentation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) in soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Biostimulation of urea hydrolysis by soil autochthonous ureolytic bacteria was not detected over 62 days. Flow cytometry revealed Sproposarcina pasteurii at initial OD600 = 0.01 was able to grow [...]
Comparing the determinants of deforestation, agricultural and forest fires in the Brazilian Amazon between 2009 and 2024
Published: 2022-10-18
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Fires are a major source of carbon emissions and biodiversity loss in the Brazilian Amazon. Climatic and ecological processes affect the flammability of the landscape, while socio-economic processes influence the use of fire. Understanding different types of fires and characterizing how economic, climatic and environmental conditions influence each, is essential for designing effective and [...]
Quantifying tidal impacts on Arctic sea ice: An unexpected mechanism for the regional delay of summer melting
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Oceanography
Tides are an important factor shaping the sea ice system in the Arctic Ocean, by altering vertical heat fluxes and advection patterns. Unfortunately, observations are sparse and the analysis of tides is complicated by the proximity of wind-driven inertial oscillations to the semi-diurnal frequencies. Furthermore, computational costs typically prohibit the inclusion of tides in ocean models, [...]
Satellite-based assessment of methane emissions from the Darvaza gas crater
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane (CH₄) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, and the gas-burning Darvaza crater in Turkmenistan is a rare and persistent emitter. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the date of the crater formation (assumed to be either in 1963 or 1971), the ignition of the fire, and the relation between the fire intensity and methane release. In this study, we reconstruct the fire history [...]
Changes in stratiform heating structure due to surface warming weaken and accelerate convectively coupled Kelvin waves
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Although stratiform heating plays a crucial role in tropical convective systems, we do not fully understand (1) how stratiform heating would change in response to surface warming and (2) how those changes would affect convectively-coupled equatorial waves. This study analyzes the changes in stratiform heating structure and convectively-coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) associated with surface warming [...]
ZDR Column Behavior in Real and Simulated X-band Radar Observations of Potentially Tornadic Storms
Published: 2026-02-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The primary objective of this research is to characterize distinct differential reflectivity (ZDR) column behavior with respect to height, intensity, and aerial coverage prior to tornadogenesis (failure) in X-band radar observations of supercells. ZDR observations of three supercells observed at high spatiotemporal resolution with X-band polarimetric radar, two tornadic and one nontornadic, are [...]
Generative geomodelling: Deep Learning vs. Geostatistics
Published: 2025-06-21
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Generative geomodelling aims to simulate subsurface facies distributions while honoring multiple types of conditioning data and geological knowledge. This study selects three typical multiple-point statistics (MPS) approaches—Direct Sampling (DS), Quick Sampling (QS), and SNESIM—and two Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) workflows—post-GANs perturbation and GANSim—as representatives to compare [...]
New methods for predicting the start and other features of the UK (Northern Hemisphere) Sporadic E (Es) radio propagation season
Published: 2025-06-23
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The sporadic E mode of propagation is briefly described and reviewed. The question is posed could we ever predict the start and duration of the main propagation season. A new hypothesis is proposed based on the modulation of planetary weather and wave circulations and their effect on the Es
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in seawater, sediments, and fish tissues from Msimbazi Bay, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Published: 2025-06-25
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Heavy metal pollution in marine environments is a growing concern globally due to its potential threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Major industrial zones in Tanzania, including Dar es Salaam city, significantly contribute to heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. The samples for heavy metal analysis in seawater, sediments, and fish tissues were collected, prepared, and [...]
Using Physiography to Understand Stream Network Expansion and Contraction Across Spatiotemporal Scales
Published: 2025-06-24
Subjects: Hydrology
Non-perennial streams (i.e., streams that cease flowing regularly across time or space) comprise ~60% of the global river network and play an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological functions of downstream waters. However, predicting their patterns of network expansion and contraction remains a key challenge across regulatory, practitioner, and research communities, especially [...]
Impact of Gas/Liquid Phase Change of CO2 during Injection for Sequestration
Published: 2025-06-25
Subjects: Engineering