Preprints
Search for earthquake (561 results)
Newly discovered active faults in the Wairarapa Valley: Implications for multi-fault rupture and kinematics in the southern North Island, Aotearoa New Zealand
Published: 2025-08-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Active fault locations and constraints on the timing and size of earthquakes are important for understanding and mitigating seismic hazard in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, historical and instrumental records are too short to provide these data on most earthquake-generating faults. Light detection and ranging (lidar) data provide us with the ability to locate and describe active faults and [...]
Virunga Volcanoes Supersite Biennial Report: 2017- 2019
Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Virunga Volcanoes is the first Supersite established on the African continent in a highly populated Multi-hazards region. This permanent Supersite was established in a critical context as little was known about the Virunga hazards sources and their dynamics, and little done as measures to evaluate, mitigate and reduce their impacts. Similarly, the active volcanoes are poorly studied and [...]
Subsurface Lithologic Controls on Off-Fault Deformation and Multi-Fault Slip During the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia Earthquake Revealed by Satellite Geodesy
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Understanding the mechanisms controlling deformation localization is crucial for our understanding of fault mechanics and improving seismic hazard assessment, but has not been extensively studied for normal-faulting earthquakes. Here, we present a thorough analysis of the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia, Italy, earthquake using high-resolution satellite geodesy. We investigate the degree of deformation [...]
On the Origin of Slow and Large Earthquakes in South-Central Mexico
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Slow slip events (SSEs) in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico, have likely triggered five of the last six M7+ earthquakes in the region since 2012. This interaction, however, is non-systematic, as evidenced by the preceding 17 years of large earthquake quiescence, when multiple SSEs occurred without consequence. The Mexican catalog since 1800 reveals that large earthquakes cluster in time every ~15 [...]
Comparisons of tsunami inundation between homogeneous and heterogeneous earthquake sources at select sites for the Cascadia Subduction Zone.
Published: 2025-08-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Tsunami hazard severity — especially tsunami inundation depth — is related to the tsunami’s source mechanism. Traditionally, homogeneous earthquake rupture sources have been used as the source mechanism for tsunamis generated in the Cascadia Subduction Zone for re- gional hazard assessment. We show with 200 heterogeneous earthquake rupture sources how tsunami inundation hazards change for three [...]
Slow Slip Events in Mexico: A Historical Perspective
Published: 2025-08-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper introduces a historical catalogue of slow slip events (SSE) for the Mexican subduction zone. The catalogue incorporates all 25 SSEs recorded since they were discovered in 1997. The inversion of GPS data for ten SSEs in Guerrero and five in Oaxaca reveals a clear slow slip segmentation along the Middle America Trench, with slip maxima between 30 and 40 km depth in both regions. SSEs in [...]
Paleoseismology of the Zougahana fault, northern Aso outer rim, and its role in the tectonics of northern Kyushu
Published: 2025-07-31
Subjects: Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
The Kumamoto earthquake (Mj 6.5, Mj 7.3) occurred on 14 and 16 April 2016, with the epicenter on the Futagawa and Hinagu faults, central Kyushu Island, southwest Japan. Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar analyses detected many phase discontinuities in the source region. Phase discontinuities and ruptures were also confirmed at the Zougahana fault on the northeastern rim of Aso [...]
QuakeMigrate: a Python Package for Automatic Earthquake Detection and Location Using Waveform Migration and Stacking
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Volcanology
QuakeMigrate is a modular, open-source Python package providing a framework to efficiently and automatically detect and locate microseismicity. From raw seismic waveforms and a modest number of physically meaningful inputs and tuneable parameters, it produces catalogues of earthquakes including hypocentres, their associated uncertainties, phase arrival times, and local magnitude estimates, all of [...]
Reduced-order modelling of Cascadia’s slow slip cycles
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slow-slip events (SSEs) modulate the earthquake cycle in subduction zones, yet understanding their physics remains challenging due to sparse observations and high computational cost of physics-based simulations. We present a scientific machine-learning approach using a data-driven reduced-order modelling (ROM) framework to efficiently simulate the SSE cycle governed by rate-and-state friction in [...]
Slowly migrating fracture swarms in an actively serpentinizing borehole
Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Peridotite rocks are primary targets for engineered geological carbon sequestration efforts because they accommodate transfer carbon from aqueous fluids to rock during alteration reactions. Sequestration efforts must necessarily open fractures in the rocks surrounding a pumped borehole, but the current understanding of fracture growth during serpentinization of peridotite is limited to [...]
Data Assimilation in Machine-Learned Reduced-order Model of Chaotic Earthquake Sequences
Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Realistic models of earthquake sequences can be simulated by assuming faults governed by rate-and-state friction embedded in an elastic medium. Exploring the possibility of using such models for earthquake forecasting is challenging due to the difficulty of integrating Partial Differential Equation (PDE) models with sparse, low-resolution observational data. This paper presents a [...]
Integrated Disaster Nursing Response for Public Healthcare Settings in Pakistan: A Sequential Mixed Method Approach Study Protocol
Published: 2025-07-11
Subjects: Public Health
Abstract Background Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes pose significant threats to human lives and infrastructure, particularly in low-lying regions of Pakistan. Among the most vulnerable areas are Sanghar and Dadu in the Sindh province, which experience recurrent flooding. These disasters often overwhelm healthcare systems and underscore the urgent need for adequately [...]
Assessing the impact of automatically derived depth phases on the determination of earthquake hypocentres – application to the South America subduction zone
Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Accurate earthquake hypocentres are fundamental to a wide range of geophysical studies, yet source depth remains poorly constrained in teleseismic earthquake catalogues. Near source surface reflections such as pP, sP, and sS (known as depth phases) provide critical information for resolving hypocentral depth, particularly for intermediate-depth earthquakes. The number of depth phases reported by [...]
A quasi-real-time system for automatic local event monitoring in Germany
Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present TieBeNN, a wrapper that integrates open-source, state-of-the-art seismic monitoring tools, including advanced machine learning--based approaches, to enhance the German Federal Seismological Survey’s (EdB) automatic real-time earthquake monitoring system. TieBeNN extends the existing workflow by adding automatic, probabilistic focal depth estimation using NonLinLoc and introduces a [...]
A SEISMIC MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE
Published: 2025-06-24
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Theaimofobtaininga single scale for earthquake magnitudes has led many studies in the past to either develop relationships among various existing scales or develop an altogether new scale to represent a wide range of magnitudes on a single scale. Although a reliable and standardized estimation of earthquake size is a basic requirement for all tectonophysical and engineering applications, [...]